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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Housing provides more than shelter for man because it encompasses all social services and utilities that are needed for a livable environment in order for any community to be worth living in housing accepted in man’s hierarchy of need to be next to food. Odetundun (1995) affirmed that housing in most countries of he world was an important economic sector and the manner in which resources were mobilized for housing had a major effect on the economy. Fundamental to the provision of adequate housing in qualitative terms is the availability of housing finance. According to Olutuah (2001) housing quality in Nigeria is indeed poor; this can be glanced form he high rate of urbanization in the country which he described as social economically handicapped urbanization. The high rate of urbanization resulting form rural urban migration and high rate of population increase is without corresponding commensuration in the rate of economic development, social change and technological advancement. Urban poverty is thus concomitant of such development which finds ready expression in a high incidence of housing poverty.

As Muoghalu (1987) observed, housing poverty is determined by the mobility to afford standard housing thus, the provision of adequate housing is hinged on the accessibility of housing finance. In Nigeria, the problems of housing are enormous and complex but the private sector had contributed immensely to its provision in the country. Onibokun (1990) opined that the private sector provides a preponderate proportion of residential building in the country. The rapid rate of urbanization, high rate of inflation and instable economy have given to increase in cost of housing which is often beyond the capacity of the medium / low income groups. As parts of the efforts in addressing housing problems in Nigeria, government has institute mortgage institutions to provide low cost housing loans that are accessible even to low income earners.

1.2     STATEMNT OF THE PROBLEM

The basic problem of mortgage institutions could be viewed from the following

· Increase in capital requirement

· High interest rate

· Management adequacies.

1.3     AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF HE STUDY

The aim of the study is to access the effect of mortgage institutions in the provision of affordable and sustainable houses in Nigeria.

The objectives of this study are:

1) To identify the various functional / operational mortgage institution in Nigeria.

2) To identify and evaluate the effect of mortgage institutions in the provision of affordable and sustainable housing in Nigeria.

3)  To identify the hindrances facing mortgage institutions in Nigeria

1.4   RESEARCH QUESTIONS

i) Does mortgage institutions helps in provision of affordable and sustainable houses in Nigeria?

ii) Does mortgage institutions contribute in financing construction industry?

iii) Does mortgage institutions helps in carrying out housing estate in Nigeria. ?

1.5  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study was carried out with participant in the housing sector especially developers in mind that they will find this work useful to reduce difficulties involves in obtaining finance for housing development. Researchers would also find this work relevant as a reference literature in carrying out their research work. Finally, that Nigerians will also be of immersed benefit in the sense that they will be able to know how finance can be sourced for housing development.

1.6     SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study covers the major effect of mortgage institutions in the provision of affordable and sustainable houses in Nigeria. And also it plays the role to provide low cost housing loans that are accessible even to the low income earners. However, during the progress of this work, some other relevant mortgage institutions were mentioned.

1.7     LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

During this study, a great limitation were experienced in obtaining suitable materials on this study, because of the reluctance of owners of these materials and some cases their staff to create time to search for them and give out. In some cases, they were too busy to give the necessary help due to their harmonious engagement. Some respondents need constant remainders by the researcher before they could complete the questionnaires and this consumer extra cost of transportation and time while some were returned unfilled and this caused the researcher starting all over again to look for other respondents to fill and answer them.

1.5     DEFINITION OF TERMS

According to dictionary.com

1) Effect: Is a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.

2) Mortgage: This a legal agreement by which similar organization lends money to secure a house etc, and also pay the money back over a particular number of years.

3) Affordability: Sufficient money or time to be able to buy or do something.

4) Sustainability: This is based on a simple principle: Every thing that we need for survival and well-being depends either directly or indirectly or our material environment.

5) Housing; These are houses, flats/apartment, etc that people lives in, especially when referring to their type, price or condition.

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