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THE EFFECT OF THE ORPHANAGE HOME ON CHILD PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The orphanage home is a significant environment in which many children grow up, yet its impact on child personality development remains a subject of ongoing study and debate. An orphanage home typically serves as a substitute for familial care, providing food, shelter, and basic necessities for children who have lost parental support. However, the absence of consistent, nurturing caregiver relationships in such settings raises questions about their influence on children's emotional, social, and psychological development. Personality development refers to the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and experiential factors that shape an individual's characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Understanding the effect of the orphanage home on child personality development is crucial for informing policies and interventions aimed at improving the well-being and outcomes of children growing up in institutional care. This study aims to explore the multifaceted dynamics of the orphanage environment and its implications for child personality development.

Children brought up in the orphanage home cannot cope effectively with the outside world, this display in their dispositions because most of them tend to be introverts and always want to keep to themselves in few causes they turn out to be backward in speed and verbal intelligence. Children who grew up in the orphanage home may likely to affected in their culture tradition, and religion are their interest’s belief ambitions ideas and soon thus affecting the personality development as their behaviors is not only more indiscriminate but more immature than those children who are with their natural parent. Hence the increase in various research as to find out the effectiveness and influence of these home (orphanage home) on the child personality development. This study tends to find out the positive and negative impact of orphanage home on the child’s personality development. Determine the effect of orphanage home on child’s personality development and find out the morale and attitude of children raised in orphanage home. This research work would be of importance to orphanage home keepers and another stakeholder whose intention it is to produce orphanage children who are sound in terms of their development. The population of the study is made up of the entire professionals ranging from social workers, sociologists, psychologists and rehabilitative counselors at the Kaduna orphanage home. The meted used in the research is survey. To obtain the necessary information regarding the subject matter a self-constructed questionnaire was distributed to 150 respondents, questions were asked based on the sex, marital status and the impact of orphanage home on child personality development. The findings from the survey revealed that that orphanage homes have significant impact on a child’s personality development, orphanage homes have positive impact to the society in general.

Motherless babies have nowadays become common because of the moral decadence of the society young people who cannot cater for themselves find themselves put in the family way they end up abandoning those innocent helpless babies. The increasing hardship because of the present economic recession has increased the incidence of burden on family relationships and the consequent loss of firm control of family members. This has tended as evidenced by the increasing number of abandoned babies. Such babies have become the central focus of the orphanage home. The impact of orphanage homes on child personality development is the behavior pattern of social behavior on child personality development.

An orphan child is one whose parents are no more (dead), desertion, or unable to provide care (UNICEF, 2008). Orphans are the susceptible children, below the age the threats to food, accommodation, health care or to make short their education. A huge number of orphans universally are alive with no natural relations due to a diversity of causes together with: death of parents, separation between parents, domestic injurious treatment and disregard. The most frequent causes of separation of children from parental care include poverty, lack of access to basic services, abuse, neglect, disease, disabilities, and emergencies (Bilson & Cox; 2007). It is an indignity of all social members who are not giving attention and economic assistance towards orphans (Meintjes and Bray, 2006).

The society is expected to offer these orphans sufficient opportunities for their proper physical, mental, social and moral growth as well as personality development and education (Abro, 2012). The families are the best place for the socialization of children; and it is the duty of the state to provide social services and social protection, as well as ensuring the integrity of the family. Parents are responsible for caring and supporting their children and sometimes in the absence of parents, grandparents or other close relatives willingly take responsibility for the care of their grandchildren. Just as strong foundations provide the basis for positive and healthy adaptations, weak foundations create physiological disruptions that can undermine subsequent learning, behavior, and lifelong physical and mental health. This biological evidence explains how, in the absence of nurturing and supportive relationships, the type of environment in which many orphans and vulnerable Children live, adversity can create “toxic stress” that undermines all aspects of a child’s subsequent development, creating significant, physically based, and long- term obstacles to positive outcomes for these children (Shonkoff, 2010).

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Children are at increased risk of losing opportunities for school, healthcare, growth, development, nutrition, and shelter. Moreover, with the death of a parent, children experience profound loss, grief, anxiety, fear, and hopelessness with long- term consequences such as psychosomatic disorders, chronic depression, low self-esteem, learning disabilities and disturbed social behavior. This is frequently compounded by “self- stigma” children blaming themselves for their parents’ illness and death and for the family’s misfortune. The disturbing trend is fueled by international social, cultural, political and economic forces which have in recent times over-stretched the coping capacities of familiar communities and governments. The care of orphans is not solely the responsibility of the government or private institutions, but also of their relatives, the communities in which they live as well as the society at large. There is hardly any society without one or two orphanages.

These orphanages are there to provide for the less privilege and give children without parents a place to call a home. Different members of the society have different opinion of the children who are reared in the orphanage. Their perception of these children gives us insight of what life in the orphanage Home is like and possible behavior attributed to the children raised in the orphanage Homes. Most children who are brought up in the orphanage homes tend to have behavior different from their counterpart who was not. Sometimes it becomes difficult for them to properly socialize and mingle with other children. These children tend to be introverts and usually keep to themselves because of the type of training they got in the orphanage homes.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of the orphanage home on child personality development.

While the specific objectives of this study are:

1. To investigate the influence of orphanage homes on a child's personality development.

2. To assess the morale and attitudes of a child raised in an orphanage homes.

3. To provide remedies to shortcomings that occurs as a result of a child's development in an orphanage home.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION

1. What is the influence of orphanage homes on a child's personality development?

2. What are the morale and attitudes of a child raised in an orphanage home?

3. How can shortcomings that occur as a result of a child's development in an orphanage home be remedied?

1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

Hypothesis i

Children raised in orphanage homes will exhibit differences in personality development compared to children raised in traditional family environments.

Hypothesis ii

Children raised in orphanage homes will have lower morale and less positive attitudes compared to children raised in traditional family environments.

Hypothesis iii

Implementing targeted interventions and support systems can mitigate the developmental shortcomings experienced by children raised in orphanage homes, leading to improved outcomes in their well-being and development.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be of importance in various ways. It will provide insight to the importance of orphanage homes in providing for orphan and vulnerable children (OVC). It will also educate us on the various social perceptions of orphanage homes and its effect on the personality development of the child and then reveal the causes of the increase of orphanage homes and people's view of orphans, especially those reared in the orphanage homes.

a. Practical Significance

1. This study will be an insight to the general public on the implications of orphanage homes on a child's personality development.

2. This study will be of immense benefit to the government to know better ways of resolving and improving the life of an orphaned child.

b. Academic Significance

1. It will be of relevance to other researchers and students

2. It will also add to the body of information already on this subject matter and become a reference document in the library for readers and other researchers on the topic.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study scope will be carried out in federal university of technology minna,Niger state. This institution was chosen because of the nature of the topic and strategic location of the University, and it has a wide population that has different people from different backgrounds, representing the society at large and providing the views of the society on orphanages in which my work is anchored.

1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study is limited by its scope focusing on a specific geographic area, potential recall bias in data collection, challenges in establishing direct causation, time constraints, susceptibility to social desirability bias, the representativeness of the sample, difficulties in generalizing findings, and resource constraints.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Orphanage:  A residential institution dedicated to the care and upbringing of orphaned or abandoned children, providing shelter, food, and basic needs.

2. Home environment: The physical, emotional, and social setting within the orphanage where a child resides and grows, including interactions with caregivers and peers.

3. Personality development: The gradual and enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish an individual and evolve over time, influenced by genetic, environmental, and social factors.

4. Childhood development: The process through which a child grows physically, emotionally, socially, and cognitively from infancy through adolescence, shaped by various environmental factors.

5. Socialization: The process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and norms necessary for effective participation in society, often occurring through interactions with family, peers, and institutions like orphanages.

6. Attachment theory: A psychological framework proposing that early relationships, particularly with caregivers, shape a child's emotional bonds, social development, and personality traits.

7. Resilience: The capacity to adapt positively in the face of adversity, including adverse childhood experiences such as parental loss or institutionalization, influencing personality development.

8. Trauma:  Emotional, psychological, or physical distress resulting from experiences that overwhelm an individual's ability to cope, potentially impacting personality development in children residing in orphanages.

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