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FINANCIAL RECORD MAINTENANCE PRACTICES IN BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACK GROUND TO STUDY

Finance is very important, it is as old as man and it is pivot on which every business hinges. Finance is an economic force, a means of economic empowerment or enablement; where withal available to an organization to discharge or settle it’s obligations. It is therefore any or means of settlement. A transaction is said to be financed when it is settled through the payment of money and other credit facilities such as commercial bank loans, bank overdraft, letter of credits, finances of establishment comprise both cash and other liquid resources such as stock, bond, contract right etc, as well as the credit and loan facilities available to the organization (Adapted from Okofor 2003).To achieve proper financial records, records of transactions must be kept, such financial records of business establishments includes, cash books, Receipt booklets, Bank Account books, ledger account books, invoices and payment books and booklets etc. For effective management, these records must be kept ready at every point in time when they are needed.

Accounting to right and record institute London (march 2001), Record management is concerned with achieving economy and efficiency in the creation, maintenance use and disposal of the records of an organization and in making the information contain available in support of the business of that organization- the objective is to finish accurate and complete information when it s required. Financial records in business organization cover greater aspects including control of file movement, location, types equipment, classification, index, procedures access and supervision, follow-up, retention period etc. Financial record management is to help guide the organization in future. It also helps in providing a base for future action. Data on cost, pay vouchers financial statements, research findings etc. may assist management in future decision making by providing them with evidence for past experiences.

Financial records maintenance help to provide statutory obligation, which the low requires, that the organization keep detailed records about certain areas of the business, there are obligations which have to be met, for instance, recording all business transaction for purpose of value Added Tax (VAT), Taxable income etc. it also show evidence of transactions. Detailed records are needed as a payment record of the inputs and outputs of the organization. It is needful that written records be filed; this is because files are essential for the continual operation of business, which is the memory of a business. In modern business offices vital decision must be based upon available up to date information. This is to say, risk are too great for the executives, decision to be based up on guesses, heresy etc. thus, a business establishment cannot hope to remain in a competitive field without adequate financial records are the life wire of any organization. The importance of record management cannot be over emphasized, because of the information reason, hence, the researcher bid to find out the effects of poor financial records in some business establishments.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

• Lack of storage facilities

• Inadequate care for financial records

• Neglect of filling and records keeping

• Inadequate policy concerning information collection, processing, storage and retrieval. Financial record maintenance is a pivot for every organization, the research is being undertaken to examine and make yourself clearer important yet neglected area of office management, filling and record keeping is the life wire of any organization. It is recognized as a means of orderly arrangement of letters and records to ensure safe custody and retrieval. The successful execution of record management aid speedy and efficient decision making in an organization, lack of adequate record storage facilities consisting of office space, poor equipment protection, bad management of the record paper and files, tapes, diskette etc. determination of general policy concerning information collection, processing storage and retrieval measures. For our established business to excel administratively there is need to find solution to these problems.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purposes of this study are as follows

• To determine the general policy concerning information collection processing storage and retrieval measure undertaking by business establishments.

• To determine the storage facilities for keeping records, if there are adequate care of records in business establishments.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

• In what way does lack of storage facilities affect record management?

• How does lack of general policy of information gathering, storing and retrieved measures affect record?

• In what way can inadequate care of records impede the effectiveness of records management?

1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The following hypotheses were formulated for the purpose of this study.

Ho- there is no significant relationship between general policy on information gathering and record keeping
Ha- there is significant relationship between general policy on information gathering and record keeping.

Ho- there is no significant relationship between storage facilities and record management.
Ha- there is significant relationship between storage facilities and record management.
Ho- there is significant relationship between inadequate care of financial records and impediment of effective records management.
Ha- there is significant relationship between inadequate care of financial records and impediment of effective records management.

1.6 SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY

The study will expose the problems of record management. As soon as the problems are identified, it will call for fast eradication, which makes the study significant. The result of the study and the literature will generally be useful to business establishment, educational institutions and government for purposes of further research and decision making. Finally, if the recommendations are adopted there will be remarkable improvement on many business establishments.

1.7 SCOPE / LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The academic project of this nature can start and reach completion inch free without some hindrances. Due to the limited time available for both classroom work and the project it is pretty difficult to reach out for several things that would have remain relevant to this work but the limitations notwithstanding the available literature on financial record maintenance practices and questionnaires were combined to collect data managers secretaries accountants, cashers, receptionists of the five (5) selected business establishments in Cross river state to make this project to reach a readable standard.

1.8 DELIMITATION

This work is limited to five business establishment in Aba Abia Stat.

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