Tags:   **Abstract** Urban buildings are increasingly exposed to elevated temperatures due to climate variability   Dense development   Extensive paved surfaces   Limited vegetation   And the urban heat island effect. Excessive heat can increase indoor temperatures   Reduce thermal comfort   Increase dependence on mechanical cooling   And contribute to higher building energy consumption. Architectural and landscape interventions can help reduce heat exposure and improve the environmental performance of urban buildings. Assessing heat-reduction strategies is therefore important for creating more comfortable and climate-responsive urban environments. This study assesses architectural and environmental strategies for reducing heat around and within urban buildings. It examines measures such as building orientation   Solar shading   Reflective materials   Roof treatments   Natural ventilation   Vegetation   Green roofs   Façade design   And appropriate window configurations. The study considers how these strategies influence solar heat gain   Surface temperatures   Indoor thermal conditions   And the overall energy performance of urban buildings. Particular attention is given to passive cooling strategies that reduce heat gain before mechanical cooling becomes necessary. External shading devices   Roof insulation   Reflective surfaces   Appropriately sized openings   And effective building orientation can limit direct solar exposure and improve indoor thermal conditions. The study also examines the contribution of natural ventilation and façade design to heat dissipation   Particularly in buildings located within warm urban environments. The study further considers the role of vegetation and landscape design in reducing heat accumulation. Trees   Green spaces   Green roofs   Vegetated façades   And shaded outdoor areas can provide solar protection and influence the microclimate surrounding buildings. The relationship between vegetation   Building density   Surface materials   Airflow   And outdoor thermal conditions is examined to understand how landscape interventions can complement architectural heat-reduction measures. Challenges in implementing heat-reduction strategies may include limited space   High initial costs   Maintenance requirements   Inappropriate material selection   Dense urban development   And insufficient integration between architectural and landscape planning. The effectiveness of individual strategies may also vary according to building orientation   Local climate   Building type   Surrounding development   And occupant behaviour. Effective heat-reduction planning therefore requires a context-sensitive combination of passive architectural   Landscape   And urban design measures. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of heat-reduction strategies in urban buildings and identify approaches that can improve thermal comfort and reduce heat-related energy demand. Its findings are expected to provide useful guidance for architects   Urban planners   Developers   And building managers in designing and adapting buildings within increasingly warm urban environments. The study can contribute to the development of cooler   More energy-efficient   Climate-responsive   And resilient urban buildings. **Keywords:** Heat reduction   Urban buildings   Urban heat island   Thermal comfort   Passive cooling   Solar shading   Building orientation   Reflective materials   Roof design   Natural ventilation   Urban vegetation   Green roofs   Building envelope   Climate-responsive design