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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Management crisis characterize the Nigeria banking including, many financial development institutions the imperativeness of management crisis in the Nigeria development financial institutions cannot be therefore be over emphasized. Suffice this to say that the enormity of growth in this sector and the need to meet up with the changing roles of financial institutions have made the development rapid. Management crisis are bound to be experienced when one examines the changing roles like banking operations and processes, commercial banking, corporate banking, public sector, consumer banking, treasury and financial institutions, credit risks management and so on.

Due to the heavy loss being experienced in most financial institutions a study of the management crisis is apt. Some notable banks have had their license withdrawn, savanna bank plc. Being the most recent. The 2002 annual financial report of one of the biggest banks first bank plc narrated the loss of over 10 million naira. These and more are management crisis dangerously affecting the Nigerian development of financial institutions through the prevalence of management crisis.

Financial institutions play pivotal roles in the evaluating of sustainable development anywhere in the world. The need for the study of the subject matter becomes more imperative in the banking industry in Nigeria for as the cheese that lays the golden eggs, economic growth and development of the nation rest squarely on it. Banks account dominantly for financial institution in Nigeria as a result, a review of the forum of management crisis vehemently exist in banks in Nigeria include the following.

Industrial relations

Poor management techniques

Shortage of equipment

Staff in adequacy

Industrial unrest

Fraud

Ignorance of modern information technology management of change in information technology. These factors had been the development of financial institutions in Nigeria. In this era, when the banking industry is undergoing transformation driven by the changing political climate deregulation, the economy use of technology Local and Foreign Competition and increasing customer sophistication. A banking whose ones would characterize these factors had to be selected ie UBA PLC. This choice is informed by old nature if incorporation on Feb 23 1961 with the introduction of mobile banking services in 1963. The bank introduced UBA GARD with 234 branches in Nigeria and America. It has trained 3832numbers of staff in Local and international courses. This investigation requires such a bank that has continued to restructure the earning assets with a selective reduction in aggregate credit volumes and on the liability side have secured a good share of the public sector deposits.

The research requires bank whole total assets in 2001 stood at N188 billion. The bank equally won the Euro Money best Domestic Bank in Nigeria. The bank which in 2002 was also named by the new fork based global finance magazine as the best trade finance bank in Nigeria for the second year running, one of the only two banks that won the award in Africa the issues of management crisis in Nigeria financial institutions development are believed by experts to be the people in the organization. Any business organization boost of the people in that organization as it’s greatest assets in out fit. It equally follows that on organization especially a financial institution can only be as good as the people you employs Therefore, the institution should appreciation the individuals that make it up and recognize and appreciate the value of their participation. It is ironic however, that some institutions lack this giving rooms to possible fraud and unleashing vendetta on the institution by her employees who nevertheless are agitated by such state of affairs.

Its noted by (Ene 2014) “As the organization grows, its human resources must also be seen to grow with it and develop to their maximum capacity”. The issue of uncreative remuneration as been ignored by financial institutions and the collapse of some of them. This gave rise to the sudden realization by new financial institutions develops who now place a very high premium in remuneration making the Nigeria financial institutions highly very attractive recently. The sudden upsurge of emergence of financial institutions in Nigeria is yet to witness a corresponding failure rate of such banks. (Financial Institution) the lack of attractive incentive does not promote the efficiency of employees in the bank because when people are trained, they become efficient on the Job thereby increasing their productivity and that of the financial institution. Such efforts should receive corresponding lucrative remuneration (Double 2015) “It will be pertinent to state categorically that crisis in the banks and other financial institutions have become the order of the day in the past and research has proved that in spite of the increase in the number of banks and institutions lucrative remuneration seem to have stemmed the tide institutions lucrative remuneration seem to have stemmed the tide of such occurrences to a minimal level to the surprise of skeptics”.

1.2  STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The evaluation effect of management crisis in Nigeria financial institution development is highly may negative in that it has also made this sector highly vulnerable to the problems.

1. There now exists a high rate of instability in the banking sector as threats of liquidation face the strong ones ordinary would not think      of such negative development.

2. Another problem associated with it is discontinuity in the banking   industry ranging from inability to meet with CBN requirements to the situation where demanded remuneration by worker’s and interest rate demand by customers cannot be met by the financial   institutions and        banks, especially the community banks etc.

3. Bank distress account too for one of negative effects of financial    institutions development hinged on management crisis because             even the community banking system, some of these banks still     weather the storm and are afloat. Savanna bank plc case terrifies   the incidence of distress which is a purely management problem.

 4. Complete dissolution of some banks. This Eneh (1984) identified   too as the evaluation effects on management crisis in that the             problem could be due to financial management crisis or an off             shoot of political crisis on government policy objectives like indigenization.

1.3    OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The research objective is the further evaluation of the evaluation effects of management crisis in Nigeria financial institution development. Consequently the under listed objection are pursued by this research as follows.

1. To identify and further analyze those resultant effects which            management crisis has on financial institutions development           especially in the United Bank for Africa Plc (UBA).

2. 10 workers attitude to financial institutions development and the     consequent administration with a view to explaining the extent of    their   involvement.

3. To identify and evaluate those variables to lead to management      crisis in the development of financial institution in Nigeria      especially UBA Plc.

4. To examine the prospects of Nigeria development financial institutions    inductively through the investigative and to adduce  recommendations for  the effective crisis management in financial institution economic development in Nigeria.

1.4   RESEARCH QUESTION.

For the purpose of the research, the following research questions are adopted.

1. How does management crisis effects, development of institution in            Nigeria.

2. What factors constitute management crisis in development of  financial institution in Nigeria.

3. What normally forms the financial institutions works perception of management crisis?

4. How would an adequate answer be provided to the issues of key    variables in development of financial institutions in Nigeria such as             assist in providing insight into the kind of measures ensured        effective and efficient crisis management?

1.5    STATEMENT OF HYPHOTHESIS

These testable hypothesis are geared to wards in depth examination of the research investigation. These are null and alternative hypothesis in this investigation represented as (Ho) and (H1) respectively.

They are as follows:-

1. Ho : Instability is not one of the management crisis that effects the Nigeria financial institution .

  H1: Instability is one of the management crisis that effects the          Nigeria financial institution.

2. Ho: Fraud does not negate development in Nigeria financial             institution.

  Ho: Fraud negates the development of Nigeria financial        institution.

3. Ho: Financial management crisis does not lead to bank distress       and consequent dissolution of banks.

  H1: Financial management crisis bring discontinuity in Nigeria        financial institution.

1.6   SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY.

The research is imperative in the following areas and will immensely benefit the Nigeria financial institutions in general and the banking industry in particular. It proffered solution and suggested ways and measure of better crisis management and control in a developing economy such as ones. Management crisis is a regular feature of every organization and therefore non-financial organizations will equally ripe the fruits of this investigation since this study will provide ways and tools of crisis management in organizations.

Academically, student and those engaged in financial studied in addition to evolved in financial management and project analyst in financial matters will find this research on management crisis. However, it could also be clearer that this study needs more enterprising investigation so as to illuminate this area i.e management crisis as a dangerous virus besetting the Nigeria financial institutions especially banks which has become turbulent owing to the infiltration of all manner of management crisis into the system. These significances will no doubt instigate the intense of intending researchers in the financial institution area.

1.7   SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The investigation however reflected on the numbers fact of management crisis that has characterized the financial institutions development in Nigeria more so when the resultant effect has been the withdrawal of licenses by NDIC and the sudden denial of peoples (Culture) deposit in such banks thereby casting expressions on the nation’s financial institution. United Bank of Africa Plc (UBA) as a case study whose management services sector crisis of medical services sector crisis of Amen resources and Training, industrial relation, medical services, classified Asset management, legal services and registration department.

The administrative measure strategies effectual management crisis and identify possible management crisis that could affect the institution, their evaluation effect on development of the financial institutions and their like hood of occurrence. The research however attempted to develop management crisis tools that would benefit and minimize the probability of such incidence in Nigeria financial institution development.

Definition of terms

Terminological confusions are avoided through the conceptualization of term. Certain key words are met along the line, which may be given different interpretation for the purpose of this study therefore, the following working concepts are operational zed thus.

CRISIS: Ugorji (2015) described crisis, as “an unusual situation of outcome of which is uncertain or capable of generating conflict. The loss of financial resources accompanying such development in the financial institution.

MANAGEMENT: Double (2016) noted and described management as the creation of an enabling environment to achieve the goals of an organization” its per articulation, formation and implementation goes a long way to ameliorating the problems of financial institutions especially the banks.

BANK FRAUD:Bank fraud can be defined as a conscious or deliberate effort armed at obtaining unlawful financial advantage at the detriment of another person who is the rightful owner of the fund “described Orjih (2016) this could involve a collection of positors” money or the banks assets and finances. Leaden advantages are sometimes taken of the changing political climate, deregulation of the economy and the use of technology to incident such frauds.

Bank Distress: In his description, Orjih (2014) described bank distress as when it is unable to meet the bank examination rate system” management crisis is usually the problem of distress in banks.

BANK: Campton (2015) described it as “a person or company on the business of receiving money, and collecting drafts for customers subject to their obligation’s though the banking industry is undergoing transformational innovations characterized by increased duties and responsibilities in addition to the traditional roles banks had played in the past.

CRISIS MANAGEMENT: Ugorji (2015) described crisis management as any measure that plans in advance that removes the risk and uncertainty from a given situation and thereby allows one to be more in control of ones own destiny is needed a form of crisis management”

DEVELOPMENT: The emergency of a new quantitative state of the object of its composition and structure.

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