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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study
Industrial Disputes as defined by the industrial Act of 1947 stated that it is Any dispute arising from the discrepancy or disagreement between labor and the government or employers, or between employers and workmen, resulting from the non­ implementation of the condition service of employment and other agreement entered into between labor and the government. The typical case is the incessant industrial dispute between the government and academic staff of Nigerian universities. While some scholars have supported the need for industrial dispute, as a means of stimulating improvements in condition of service and innovations in the tertiary institution, the negative effect is always reflected in the poor level of academic standard in tertiary institution as academic learning in disrupted. (Davar, 2008:304) . Conflict occurs when two or more parties have Conflicting interests over the control and share of resources, and other development issues. Dispute can be caused by staff and student’s, management and labor interactions. It can result from dispute between management and labor, and students in tertiary institution, and sometimes between school and its host community. Industrial dispute can also arise ­ between union leaders and managers,(ii) Between management and union leaders. Industrial conflict most often leads to strike on the part of workers and lockout on the part of management / employers. According to Akpala (1982: 258) industrial conflict constitute any disputes or conflict of interest regarding the non – implementation of employment conditions and agreement entered into between both parties. The research therefore seek to investigate Impact of industrial action on effective administration in tertiary institutions in abia state ­.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The expression of conflict by labor has always resulted in strike action
Strikes portend a breakdown of cordial relationship between labour and management. Aninih (2000:8). However the embarking on strike exact some effects ;it is in the belief that strike will persuade the management to shift its ground and assert to labour demands which it is believed will also lead to improvement in the employment condition of workers and overall productivity. Therefore when properly used strike action could lead to improvement in the academic environment, improve student performance and increase the standard of education. According to Akpala (1982: 261) strikes is the employees collective stoppages of work with the aim of persuading management to concede to the employee demands as it affect the smooth running of the academic calendar of tertiary institutions. Disrupting student continuous learning and academic activities in the institution. The problem confronting the research is to appraise the Impact of industrial action on effective administration in tertiary institutions in abia state.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
To determine the Impact of industrial action on effective administration in tertiary institutions in abia state.
1.4 Research Questions
* What is industrial action?
* What is the Impact of industrial action on effective administration in tertiary institutions in abia state 
1.5 Research Hypotheses 
Ho the Impact of industrial action on effective administration in tertiary institutions in abia state is low 
Hi The Impact of industrial action on effective administration in tertiary institutions in abia state –is high 
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study advocate the need for industrial harmony in our academic institutions as industrial dispute plunges tertiary institution into a devastating condition thereby affecting the standard of our education. 
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study focuses on the appraisal of the Impact of industrial action on effective administration in tertiary institutions in abia state.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The study was confronted by some constraints including logistics and geographical factors.
1.9 Definition of Terms
INDUSTRIAL RELATION: Industrial relations are defined as the study of the institutions of job regulation.  
INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE: Industrial Disputes as defined by the industrial Act of 1947 stated that it is Any dispute arising from the discrepancy or disagreement between labor and the government or employers, or between employers and workmen, resulting from the non­ implementation of the condition service of employment and other agreement entered into between labor and the government. The typical case is the incessant industrial dispute between the government and academic staff of Nigerian universities.
STRIKE: Strikes is the employees collective stoppages of work with the aim of persuading management to concede to the employee demands
CONFLICT: Conflict occurs when two or more parties have different interests over the control and share of resources, and other development issues. Dispute can be caused by staff and student’s, management and labor interactions. It can result from dispute between management and labor, and students in tertiary institution, and sometimes between school and its host community. Industrial dispute can also arise ­ between union leaders and managers, (ii) between management and union leaders. Industrial conflict most often leads to strike on the part of workers and lockout on the part of management .

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