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ROLE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN EDUCATION AS A TOOL FOR INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Technical Innovation means developing new ideas, products, services, and processes which exploit technology. It may be driven by a new technology (How can we use this?) or by needs (What technology might we apply to improve this?). At its best, technovation creates valuable products and services no one has yet asked for or creates “disruptive” change (major leaps in the way things are done). Every year technology challenges all over the world to build a mobile application that will address a community problem. Since 2010, over 28 countries have submitted to Technology and Innovation (Technovation), this makes global changes around the world. Technology (from two Greek words: téchnē and logos) means the ability of humans to create things using hands and/or machines [28]. It is the application of knowledge to the practical aims of human life or to changing and manipulating the human environment [31]. Technology includes the use of materials, tools, techniques, and sources of power to make life bearable or more pleasant and work more productive. Whereas science is concerned with how and why things happen, technology focuses on making things happen. Technology can be internal or external [20].

In the external view, technology means the systematic discourse about practical art. Technology is the science about practical art just as entomology is the science about insects and geology about planet Earth. Here “logos” belongs to scholars who take practical art and artists as their topics of investigation but is foreign to and not a part of the art or artists. It neglects the cognitive ability of the artists and concentrates on their products and social status [20]. The internal view inherits the Greek notion of téchnē containing its own logos, so that technology means the systematic reasoning of practical art itself. In this view, art and reasoning are inseparable entities that later enter into a marriage. They are intertwined cognitive potentials inherent in every human being, because living in, coping with, and modifying the real world is primordial to all human life. Technology is the explicit rendition of reasoning inherent in practical art; the systematic abstraction of essentials; the articulation, generalization, refinement, and development of knowledge involved in productive and creative activities [20].

Technovation’s success in changing world’ attitudes about technology and Innovation rely on local country Products. Together, they come up with a creativity idea, conduct user research, create a business plan, and build the world of Innovation. Countries that lead from the technology and business Innovation help other countries that are less Technology to learn from them and hence it reaches many area of the world.  Science Technology

Technological change, particularly in developing countries, is not only about innovating at the frontier, but also about adapting existing products and processes to achieve higher levels of productivity as applicable to their local contexts [14]. In this process, the ability of local firms and enterprises to access technological know – how is fundamental to shaping their ability to provide products and services, both of the kind that are essential to improve living standards, and that could also promote growth and competitiveness [14].  Science Technology

However, the changes include technological trends and breakthroughs which will support innovation, availability of capital for new product development and introduction, displacement of existing products, management of entrepreneurial ventures, management of innovation in medium–sized and large organizations, organizational structures intended to facilitate innovation, investment strategies related to new science – or technology–based enterprises, the innovator as an individual and as a personality type, and technology transfer to developing nations. Case studies which illustrate how innovation occurs from business and technical standpoints are also included, together with reviews and analyses of governmental and industrial policy which inhibit or stimulate technological innovation.  Science Technology

The overall aim of this report is to provide a conceptual foundation for co-ordinated international efforts to advance the science, technology, and innovation needed for achieving the goals of sustainable development. A great deal of highly relevant and valuable R&D work is already being carried out by individuals and groups around the world. What is needed in addition however, is a concerted effort to identify, promote, and support priority R&D needs that are not being adequately addressed.  Science Technology

The empirical evidence on ongoing south – south exchange shows that the surge of economic growth in developing countries, particularly emerging countries, has been made possible in large part by their growing technological capabilities. This is reflected in the increase in their capital goods imports in recent times [3]. Although capital goods imports by developing countries are growing, and are considered to be an indication of technological leaning, the trends show that a large share of the capital goods exported and imported is concentrated in a sub-set of developing countries. These are countries that have some level of technological capabilities to integrate into GPNs, and their level of economic growth enables them to import capital goods [10]. On the other hand, a large number of developing countries, particularly LCDs, are not major importers or exporters of capital goods.  Science Technology

There is no doubt about the potential of rapid technological progress to help the world meet the defining challenges of our time. Yet many individuals in the developing world, access are still a major challenge, hindering their ability to learn how to use technologies that would improve their lives and promote enterprise development. That challenge is multiplied many times over for national policymakers seeking to use technologies to address energy poverty, food insecurity, environmental threats and job creation. The increasing of daily new Technology in developed countries are a signals of the beginning of new era in developing country and in global development. If we are to build on and expand the progress that has been made towards the Millennium Development Goals, the international community will need to find innovative way of closing this gap.  Science Technology.

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