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Effect of Extension Training on Farmers’ Adoption of Remote Crop Observation

Abstract

The study examines the effect of extension training on farmers’ adoption of remote crop observation, focusing on how agricultural extension training influences farmers’ use of remote technologies and information for observing crop conditions without direct physical inspection of every part of the farm. Remote crop observation can provide useful information on crop growth, vegetation condition, moisture stress, pest and disease symptoms, and other field conditions that support timely farm management decisions. However, farmers’ adoption of remote crop observation may depend on their knowledge, technical skills, access to information, and exposure to relevant extension training. The study will assess the extent of farmers’ exposure to extension training and determine their level of adoption of remote crop observation practices. It will examine training activities such as practical demonstrations, farm-based training, workshops, group meetings, and technical advisory sessions. The study will also assess farmers’ use of remote crop observation information obtained through satellite imagery, unmanned aerial systems, mobile agricultural applications, and other appropriate remote observation technologies for monitoring crop conditions and making farm management decisions. A descriptive survey research design will be adopted for the study. The population will comprise farmers in the selected study area, from whom respondents will be selected using an appropriate sampling procedure. Data will be collected through a structured questionnaire designed to obtain information on farmers’ exposure to extension training and their adoption of remote crop observation practices. The data collected will be analysed using frequency counts, percentages, means, and standard deviations, while appropriate inferential statistical techniques will be used to determine the effect of extension training on farmers’ adoption of remote crop observation. The study is expected to find that farmers who receive regular and practical extension training demonstrate greater awareness and adoption of remote crop observation technologies. Extension training may improve farmers’ understanding of remote observation information and its applications in monitoring crop growth, identifying field variations, detecting crop stress, and supporting timely farm management decisions. Practical demonstrations may further increase farmers’ confidence in using digital tools and interpreting remote crop information. However, limited digital literacy, inadequate access to devices and internet services, high technology costs, insufficient technical support, and limited training opportunities may constrain adoption. The findings are expected to provide useful information to agricultural extension personnel, policymakers, technology providers, agricultural institutions, and farmers’ organizations on the importance of extension training in promoting remote crop observation. Strengthening extension programmes through practical digital training, demonstrations, regular technical support, and simplified interpretation of remote crop information may improve farmers’ ability to use these technologies effectively. The study will conclude that effective extension training can contribute to increased adoption of remote crop observation by improving farmers’ knowledge, technical skills, and confidence in using remote agricultural information. It will recommend regular practical training, increased access to appropriate digital technologies, continuous technical guidance, and stronger collaboration among extension personnel, technology providers, and farmers to promote effective remote crop monitoring and informed agricultural decision-making.

Keywords: Extension training, farmers’ adoption, remote crop observation, agricultural extension, remote sensing, satellite imagery, crop monitoring, digital agriculture, farm management, agricultural technology, crop growth monitoring, vegetation monitoring, precision agriculture, digital information, agricultural decision-making.