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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND to THE STUDY

Management asserted that managers are people that get things done through others.   This implies that in getting things done, they have to take series of decision that will guide the activities of people oriented towards the attainment of organization goals.   He further stated that management activities in organization are dominated by decision-making activity. This implies that decision making in organization is the everyday pro-occupation of managers. In support of the view stated that decision-making is one of the most crucial activities of management.   He further stated that the necessity to decide is the everyday pro-occupation of management of organization whether small enterprise or multinational corporation.   In today there exist in organization some form of interaction, which to a large extent influence the behaviour of the people who work in them.  Manager and employee alike interact in their bid to carry out their organizational goals.

Traditionally, managers are known to exercise much influence and specifically their immediate subordinates.  This has led them in many instances to continually make decision unilaterally, even in those that are within the competence of their subordinate.   However, in modern management practices this practice is no longer popular, hence there is need for employee to have adequate representation in management decision-making.  Emphasis now is place on individual or group participation in managerial decision-making presentation. Thus implies without going through representation.   Here “Participation” as advice or recommendation or employees that accepted and taken into consideration by management in making decision.

In Nigeria today business organization are springing up daily.  Most of there have majority by Nigeria employees.   As these organization expend their organization structures becomes difficult and different categories of managers are employed to fill different positions.  These managers no doubt will be in control of a number of workers, who will be subordinate to them they will also in the course of performing there managerial duties take variety of decision concerning work and concerning their subordinates.   Various explanations were offered as to why other countries were not doing equally well.   Explanations like the technological gaps, research and development gap and other economic and efficacy gaps have been offered.

The advantages of employee participation in an organization:

It increases employee’s morale and enhances the productivity [Chang& Lorenzi, 1983] It provide employees the opportunity to use their intellectual which will lead to better decisions for the organization [Williamson, 2008] Employee participation contributes to trust and sense of control[Chang& Lorenzi, 1983] As a result of employee participation, resources required to monitor employee can be minimized thus reduced cost [Arthur, 1994; Spreitzes &Mishra, 1999] Employee participation in an organization maximizes the view points and give diversity of perspectives [Kemelgor, 2002]

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