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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PRINT MEDIA IN AWARENESS CAMPAIGN OF LASSA FEVER IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Lassa fever, a viral hemorrhagic illness caused by the Lassa virus, is endemic in several West African countries, including Nigeria. The disease is transmitted through contact with the urine or feces of infected Mastomys rats, which are commonly found in urban and rural settings (Olaosebikan et al., 2020). Lassa fever poses a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, where periodic outbreaks have resulted in numerous fatalities and a substantial burden on the healthcare system. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that Lassa fever is a major health issue in Nigeria, with the potential for widespread outbreaks due to the high population density and inadequate public health infrastructure (World Health Organization, 2021).

Public awareness is crucial in controlling and preventing the spread of Lassa fever. The print media, including newspapers and magazines, play a pivotal role in disseminating health information to the public. Effective communication strategies in the print media can enhance public understanding of Lassa fever's transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures (Ibrahim et al., 2019). Research indicates that the media significantly influences public perception and behavior regarding health issues, highlighting its potential in shaping awareness campaigns (Uche et al., 2020). In Nigeria, where literacy levels vary widely, the print media remains a vital source of information for many individuals, particularly in rural areas (Adeola & Adeniran, 2022).

Despite the efforts made by the Nigerian government and various health organizations to combat Lassa fever, the disease continues to present a serious threat to public health. The complexity of Lassa fever transmission, combined with cultural beliefs and stigma associated with the disease, hampers effective awareness campaigns (Okokhere et al., 2020). A study by Agbede et al. (2023) highlighted that misinformation and a lack of accurate information in the media contribute to the public's misconceptions about Lassa fever, leading to inadequate preventive practices. Furthermore, there is limited research on how the print media contributes to awareness campaigns specifically targeting Lassa fever in Nigeria.

This study aims to assess the role of print media in creating awareness about Lassa fever in Nigeria. It will explore the effectiveness of print media messages in conveying crucial information regarding the disease and identify gaps in coverage that may hinder public understanding and response. By analyzing print media content, the study will provide insights into the current state of health communication related to Lassa fever, ultimately informing strategies for more effective awareness campaigns.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Lassa fever remains a persistent public health threat in Nigeria, with outbreaks resulting in morbidity and mortality. Despite various awareness campaigns, public knowledge of the disease's transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures is often inadequate. The effectiveness of these campaigns is frequently compromised by misinformation and a lack of targeted communication strategies. This study seeks to understand the role of print media in creating awareness about Lassa fever, assessing its impact on public knowledge and behavior. Identifying the gaps in print media coverage will help inform more effective health communication strategies that could enhance public awareness and response to Lassa fever.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to determine the role of print media in raising awareness about Lassa fever in Nigeria. Specific objectives include:

i. To evaluate the impact of print media coverage on public knowledge of Lassa fever.

ii. To determine the effectiveness of print media messages in promoting preventive measures against Lassa fever.

iii. To find out the gaps in print media reporting that may hinder public awareness of Lassa fever.

1.4 Research Questions

i. What is the impact of print media coverage on public knowledge of Lassa fever?

ii. What is the effectiveness of print media messages in promoting preventive measures against Lassa fever?

iii. How does the lack of comprehensive print media reporting affect public awareness of Lassa fever?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant as it contributes to the understanding of the role of print media in health communication regarding Lassa fever in Nigeria. By assessing the effectiveness of print media coverage, the findings can inform public health policymakers and health educators on how to improve awareness campaigns. Additionally, it provides insights into how misinformation can be addressed through more targeted and accurate media messaging. Ultimately, this research aims to enhance public understanding of Lassa fever, leading to better preventive practices and reduced transmission of the disease.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study will focus on print media coverage of Lassa fever in Nigeria, particularly newspapers and magazines published between 2018 and 2023. It will analyze the content of articles, advertisements, and public service announcements related to Lassa fever to evaluate the information disseminated to the public. The study will cover various geographic regions in Nigeria to ensure a comprehensive understanding of print media's impact on awareness campaigns.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

The study may encounter limitations related to the availability of print media archives, as not all newspapers and magazines may be accessible for review. Additionally, the research may be constrained by the subjective nature of content analysis, which could lead to biases in interpreting the effectiveness of print media messages. Furthermore, the findings may not be generalizable to all forms of media, as the focus is specifically on print media. Despite these limitations, the study aims to provide valuable insights into the role of print media in raising awareness about Lassa fever in Nigeria.

1.8 Definition of Terms

Lassa Fever: A viral hemorrhagic illness caused by the Lassa virus, characterized by fever, weakness, and in severe cases, bleeding, and shock.

Print Media: Traditional media outlets that disseminate information through printed materials, such as newspapers and magazines.

Awareness Campaign: A coordinated effort to inform the public about a specific health issue and promote understanding and preventive measures.

Public Health: The science and practice of protecting and improving the health of populations through education, policy-making, and research.

Content Analysis: A research method used to analyze communication content systematically, focusing on the presence of specific themes or messages.

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