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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the dynamic landscape of journalism education in Nigeria, the avenues through which aspiring journalists pursue their academic and professional aspirations are as diverse as the stories they aim to tell. Two prominent pathways emerge in this narrative - the polytechnic and university systems. Each offers a unique approach to shaping the next generation of journalists, drawing from distinct philosophies, methodologies, and institutional structures. This study embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the nuances within journalism education, aiming to dissect the differences between polytechnic and university programs in Nigeria.

As the fourth estate of the realm, journalism plays a pivotal role in shaping public opinion, fostering accountability, and upholding democratic values. Recognizing the significance of a well-rounded journalism education, it becomes imperative to scrutinize the educational frameworks that contribute to the development of media professionals. In Nigeria, the dichotomy between polytechnic and university journalism programs introduces a rich tapestry of experiences, challenges, and opportunities for students. By delving into the unique characteristics of each, we can gain a deeper understanding of how these institutions shape the future of journalism in the country.

The Evolution of Journalism Education in Nigeria

Before delving into the comparative analysis of polytechnic and university journalism programs, it is essential to trace the historical roots and evolution of journalism education in Nigeria. The early days of journalism training were marked by an apprenticeship model, where aspiring journalists learned the trade through hands-on experience under the guidance of seasoned professionals. However, as the demand for well-educated and ethically grounded journalists increased, formalized education in journalism became a necessity.

The first journalism school in Nigeria, the Nigerian Institute of Journalism (NIJ), was established in 1963, setting the stage for a new era in journalism education. Subsequently, both polytechnics and universities began offering journalism programs, each adapting to the changing media landscape in its unique way. Understanding this historical backdrop is crucial for appreciating the distinct trajectories that polytechnic and university journalism education have taken over the years.

The Polytechnic Perspective: Practicality and Skill Acquisition

Polytechnic journalism programs in Nigeria are renowned for their emphasis on practical skills and hands-on experience. Rooted in the philosophy of vocational education, polytechnics aim to equip students with the technical expertise required for immediate entry into the workforce. Journalism students in polytechnics often engage in extensive practical training, honing their skills in areas such as news writing, editing, broadcasting, and multimedia production.

One of the defining features of polytechnic journalism education is the integration of real-world experiences into the curriculum. Many polytechnics collaborate with media organizations, providing students with internships, industry exposure, and opportunities to work on live projects. This immersion in the professional realm of journalism allows students to bridge the gap between theory and practice, preparing them for the challenges of the rapidly evolving media landscape.

Furthermore, polytechnic journalism programs are known for their flexibility and responsiveness to industry trends. The curricula are often updated to align with emerging technologies and changing journalistic practices, ensuring that graduates are well-equipped to navigate the complexities of contemporary media environments. This adaptability is a testament to the pragmatic approach that polytechnic institutions bring to journalism education.

The University Perspective: Academic Rigor and Critical Thinking

In contrast to the pragmatic focus of polytechnic programs, university journalism education in Nigeria leans towards a more academic and theoretical orientation. Rooted in the broader context of liberal arts education, university journalism programs emphasize critical thinking, research skills, and a comprehensive understanding of the social, political, and cultural dimensions of journalism.

Universities often provide a more extensive and diverse range of courses, including media theory, ethics, history, and analysis of media institutions. This academic depth aims to cultivate a broader perspective among students, encouraging them to reflect on the role of journalism in society and grapple with ethical dilemmas that may arise in their professional careers.

The research-oriented nature of university journalism programs fosters an environment where students are encouraged to delve into investigative reporting, media analysis, and scholarly inquiry. The emphasis on research not only contributes to the academic rigor of the programs but also equips graduates with the skills necessary for critical examination and evaluation of information—a crucial aspect in the era of misinformation and fake news.

Moreover, universities often foster a culture of intellectual discourse and engagement with contemporary issues, encouraging students to develop a 

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