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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SEROLOGICAL STATUS FOR NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN LOCAL CHICKENS OF LIVE BIRD MARKETS AND HOUSEHOLDS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting birds, particularly domestic poultry like chickens. It poses a significant threat to the poultry industry worldwide due to its potential for causing severe economic losses. The disease is caused by avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) and manifests with a range of symptoms including respiratory, digestive, and nervous system disorders. Understanding the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens is crucial for implementing effective control measures and preventing outbreaks. This study aims to compare the serological status of Newcastle disease in chickens sourced from live bird markets and households, providing insights into potential risk factors and informing disease management strategies.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite efforts to control Newcastle disease, outbreaks continue to occur, particularly among local chicken populations in live bird markets and households. The factors contributing to the prevalence and transmission of Newcastle disease in these settings remain unclear. Therefore, there is a need to investigate and compare the serological status of Newcastle disease in chickens from live bird markets and households to identify potential differences and risk factors associated with each setting.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to determine the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens sourced from live bird markets and households. Specific objectives include:

i. To evaluate the impact of live bird markets on the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens.

ii. To determine the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease in chickens kept in households.

iii. To find out the factors influencing the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens.

1.4 Research Questions

i. What is the impact of live bird markets on the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens?

ii. What is the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease in chickens kept in households?

iii. How does the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens vary between live bird markets and households?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

Hypothesis I

H0: There is no significant impact of live bird markets on the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens.

H1: There is a significant impact of live bird markets on the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens.

Hypothesis II

H0: There is no significant difference in the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease between chickens kept in households.

H2: There is a significant difference in the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease between chickens kept in households.

Hypothesis III

H0: There are no significant factors influencing the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens.

H3: There are significant factors influencing the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study's findings will contribute to the existing knowledge on Newcastle disease epidemiology and control measures. Understanding the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens from different sources will help policymakers and veterinary authorities develop targeted intervention strategies to mitigate disease transmission and reduce economic losses in the poultry industry.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on comparing the serological status of Newcastle disease in local chickens sourced from live bird markets and households within a specific geographic region. It will involve serological testing of chicken serum samples collected from both settings and analysis of potential risk factors associated with Newcastle disease prevalence.

1.8 Limitations of the Study

Limitations of this study may include the availability of serum samples from live bird markets and households, potential variations in sampling techniques, and the inability to control all factors influencing Newcastle disease transmission in chickens. Additionally, the study's scope may be limited to a specific geographic area, limiting the generalizability of the findings.

1.9 Definition of Terms

Newcastle Disease: A highly contagious viral disease affecting birds, particularly domestic poultry like chickens, caused by avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1).

Seroprevalence: The proportion of a population found to have antibodies against a particular infectious agent (e.g., Newcastle disease virus) in their blood serum, indicating past exposure to the virus.

Live Bird Markets: Markets where live poultry are sold directly to consumers for consumption or further processing.

Household: Refers to domestic settings where chickens are kept for various purposes, including egg production and meat consumption.

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