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DETERMINATION OF HARDNESS OF WELL WATER SUPPLY

ABSTRACT

The hardness of well water in Enugu metropolis (Asata, Coal Camp and New Haven) was determined using complexometric titration with EDTA (Ethylene Diaminetetracetic Acid) which is the most widely used complexing agent for the analysis of water hardness. During titration, indicator such as Erichrome Black-T was used which acts a triprotic acid. The following result were revealed after the analysis. The average amount of calcium and magnesium are as follows respectively. In Asata, it was 2.48mg/L for calcium and magnesium was 0.592mg/L = 3.072mg/L. Coal camp for calcium was 2.68mg/L and magnesium 2.68mg/L = 5.36mg/L whereas in New Haven, calcium was 2.48mg/L and magnesium 0.46mg/L = 2.94mg/L. With the results of the analysis shown, it was found that coal camp has high well water hardness because of its high degree of soil texture and soil pH. It can be vividly conclude that calcium and magnesium concentration in the water samples from these areas under study are above the standards set by World Health Organization and Water Quality Association. These increase result to soap solution forming a white precipitate instead of producing lathers when washing, this is because the 2+ ions destroy the surfactant properties of the soap. Continuous consumption of these hard waters may increase the rate of cardiovascular disease and mortality among people due to the high presence of calcium and Magnesium.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page 

Certification

Dedication 

Acknowledgement 

List of tables

Table of contents 

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE 

1.0    Introduction

1.1    Background of the study 

1.2    Statement of the problem 

1.3    Objective of the study

1.4    Limitation of the study 

1.5    Signification of the study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0    Literature Review

2.1    Functions of Water

2.2    Chemical Properties of Water

2.3    Hardness of Well Water

2.4    Causes of Hardness of Water

2.5    Types of Hardness of Water

2.6    Effect of water hardness on Material

2.7    Effect of Water Hardness on Aquatic life

2.8    The Concept of EDTA Method of Hard water Analysis

CHAPTER THREE

3.0    Methodology

3.1    Materials

3.2    Water Sample Collection

3.3    Reagent Preparation

3.4    Water Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Discussion

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendation

References

Appendix 

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: magnesium hardness in Asata

Table ii: Magnesium Hardness in Coal Camp

Table iii: Magnesium hardness in New Haven

Table iv: Summary of Magnesium Hardness in Well Water

Table v: Calcium Hardness in Asata

Table vi: Calcium Hardness in Coal Camp

Table vii: Calcium Hardness in New haven

Table Viii: Summary of Calcium Hardness in Well Water