METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES OF DRIED LEAVES OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA), SIAM WEED(VERNOMA AMYGDALINA), AND BITTER LEAF(CHROMOLAENA ODORATA) FOR BROILER CHICKENS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Siam weed (Vernonia amygdalina), and bitter leaf (Chromolaena odorata) are tropical plants with potential as poultry feed ingredients (Oyenuga, 1968). Cassava, also known as manioc or yuca, is a root crop that is rich in starch and has been used as a feed ingredient in poultry diets (Göhl, 1982). Siam weed, a member of the Asteraceae family, has been reported to have nutritional properties similar to those of conventional feed ingredients (Iheanacho, 2001). Bitter leaf, a member of the Compositae family, has been used in traditional medicine and as a vegetable in many parts of Africa (Odusami, 2001). However, their metabolizable energy values for broiler chickens are not well established.
According to a study by (Adeyanju et al., 2012), cassava leaf meal has a high crude protein content and can be used as a protein supplement in broiler diets. Similarly, (Nworgu et al., 2015) reported that Siam weed leaf meal has a high energy value and can be used as an energy source in poultry feed. However, (Oke et al., 2017) found that bitter leaf meal has a low energy value and may not be suitable as a major energy source in broiler diets.
Despite these findings, there is still a need for more research on the metabolizable energy values of these tropical plants for broiler chickens. (Larbier et al., 2017) emphasized the importance of determining the metabolizable energy values of feed ingredients to ensure accurate formulation of poultry diets. (Santos et al., 2018) also stressed the need for more research on alternative energy sources in poultry nutrition.
In Nigeria, where this study is being conducted, there is a high demand for poultry products, and the cost of conventional feed ingredients is high (Fasina et al., 2019). The use of tropical plants as poultry feed ingredients could provide a sustainable and affordable solution to this problem. However, more research is needed to determine the metabolizable energy values of these plants for broiler chickens.
Several studies have been conducted on the nutritional properties of cassava, Siam weed, and bitter leaf, but few have focused on their metabolizable energy values for
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