CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

At independence, Nigeria joined the committee of nation with the hope for a better tomorrow. We were able to feed ourselves and were of course almost self-sufficient. Subsequently our hopes seemed unattainable. We seem to be going deeper and deeper into the woods. The consensus is that it has been bad for Nigeria. Due to the adverse economic condition prevailing in the country many businesses have closed, shops and even financial institutions are being declared distressed at alarming rate. Businesses that are yet to be submerged or that want to stay afloat employ all kind of strategies. Some increase price, adopt promotional tools, engage in aggressive marketing etc. whereas others goes for an odd combination of activities and even undergo different kind of small business to survive. Any business or individual that wants to survive must make the right decision. The era of mile of thumb is gone; employing it is a sure way to fail absurdly.

The price of any conceivable item from garri and bread to radio and book not to mention petrol has been soaring in geometric proportions over the year. The economy is truly in distress. These compounds and complicates intricate are the problem of the organisation vis-à-vis effective planning and decision making processes. Other factors such as stagflation, taxation, economic and political problem are the major problem which affects information and decision making. The future orientation is what most company and bank get from making accounting decision .the computation and interpretation of analytical ratios from financial statement enable bank to determine their operation trends and provide a basis for management decision making. Other users of financial analysis are used in making financial decision and achieving the goal of sustainability determines compliance with regulatory requirements. Financial analysis is an investment that has positive return in the future on how decision will be made, how to manage the finances to achieve the strategic goals of the institution through decision making.

Many people think that accounting as a highly technical field which can be understood only by professional accountants actually nearly everyone practices accounting in one form or the other. In modern times, management require a wide variety of information to successfully accomplish its aim and objectives. This information is mainly determined by the element of uncertainty about the future and lack of knowledge about the present. Some of these decisions are of strategic importance having a large impact on the business, others are routine operating decision. Therefore accounting information is based on laws and regulations governing the handling of accounting report contained in the financial reports of organisation.

Making the right decision depends on the possession of appropriate, accurate and up to date information provided and presented in a meaningful way. This study set out to examine the contribution of sound accounting system in providing the management with financial and other information basis for dealing with decision problems that arises from their organisational operations.

1.1         STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Basically, the nature of manufacturing business compels it to carry out a great deal of book-keeping records based on accounting principles and information provided with the perpetual increase in the number of consumer of manufactured products, it has become necessary to devise a systematic mean in handling the resultant book-keeping and accounting activities.

A lot criticism has always been made about the service of the organisation, consumers complain of low quality product while employers complain of lack of promotion inadequate  salaries, lack of training etc.

Furthermore, the major challenge facing every financial institution\ business, organisation of today is market relevance. On-going fundament at changes in the global politics, economy and emerging competitions particularly challenges proper and adequate contemporal accounting information for management decision making. The company itself tries to coordinate all these challenge effectively and efficiently so as to minimize any anticipated and unanticipated pitfalls. If a sound and effective accounting system is applied property by the manufacturing organisation, the difference will be clear.

Improper attention to the accounting system and handling of accounting information has given birth to the under mentioned problems.

Poor planning

Result to poor decision making

Poor organisation and control of business activities and unsatisfactory service to its customers.

Poor decision making in administrative activities of the organisation.

1.2           OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 

The objectives of the study are as follows;

1.   To determine whether there has been problem in generating and utilizing accounting information necessary for management decision making.

2.   To ascertain the extent in which accounting information generated by accounts departments has contributed in decision making process.

3.   To ascertain the extent accounting information has effectively performed or fulfils the basic roles of cost minimization, proper allocation of scare resource and improvement in the production.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS 

1.   Are there problem in generating and utilizing accounting information necessary for management decision making process?

2.   To what extent does accounting information generated by accounts department contributed in decision in making process?

3.   To what extent does accounting information has improved effectively performed or fulfil the basic roles of cost minimization, proper allocation of scare resource and improvement in the production?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

NUMBER ONE

Ho There are problem in generating and utilizing accounting information necessary for management decision making.

H1 There are no problems in generating and utilizing accounting information necessary for management decision making.

NUMBER TWO 

Ho accounting information generated by accounts department has not contributed in decision making process.

H1 Accounting information generated by accounts department has contributed in decision process.

NUMBER THREE

Ho:  Accounting information has not improved effectively performed or fulfil the basic roles of cost minimization, proper allocation of scare resource and improvement in the production.

H1 Accounting information has improved effectively performed or fulfil the basic roles of cost minimization, proper allocation of scare resource and improvement in the production.

1.6     SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 

The research cannot treat all aspect and kind of accounting information because the field is simply too wide. So only those relevant to these studies were dealt with as per need- ratio analysis, cost-volume- profit analysis, absorption and marginal costing, the contribution margin standard costing and variance analysis, linear program.

The availability of correct and up to data is not easy, even when available; one still encounters wholly unnecessary bottlenecks due to our socio – cultural background vice versa disclosure of information and bureaucracy.  So  this  constituted an impediment to this research work.