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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MICRO-CONTROLLER BASED MULTI-PURPOSE SECURITY SYSTEM WITH DIRECTIONS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In recent years, advancements in technology have revolutionized the field of security systems, leading to the development of sophisticated solutions that integrate multiple functions into one system. The integration of micro-controller technology in security systems has particularly enhanced their versatility and effectiveness in various applications.

The industrial Electronics has changed the whole field ofEngineering and technology is occurring so rapidly, even indeveloping countries. It is so because newer technologies overcome older ones. After the industrial revolution the world directed towards the information age with the development of computers during the 1950's. As such, mechantronics which is a principle that combines theapplication of mechanical and electrical means has taken over thegreater part of industrial electronics which is indispensable in modern technology.

In Nigeria, security which is one of the basic lookouts in anyproductive firm has been on the decrease. Most industries have gone bankrupt because of their inability to meet up to the security standard required in a modern day setting. Equally, some homes and offices have lost important documents and properties due to easy access that criminals have. There is thus an urgent need for significant security measures to improve the standard of living of the people, enhance development and put to a stop the menace of insecurity. That is the reason as a student of Electrical/Electronics Engineering I decided to embark on a project named "Microcontroller Based Multipurpose Security Device with Direction”.

This electronic system consists of four sensors made up of opto couplers realized with combination of Laser beam, from Laser diode coupled into a cadmium sulfide photocell (c.d.s photocell). This component serves as an electronic eye, the output ofoptocouplers conditioned by a Schmitt trigger NAND gate controlLogic (74 Ls 132) TTL chip. The output of the 132 chips is sent intoport 0 of 8051 microcontroller. A keypad encoder containing eightkeys is interfaced to a port 1 of 8051 microcontroller.  Anelectromagnetic relay driven by a Darlington pair transistor static switch is interfaced to the port 2 of the microcontroller. Servo motors that serve as the door prime mover is link to AC Circuit. Via the normally open contact of the electromagnetic relay. A buzzer is also interface to port 2 through a single transistor static switch.

The entire system is designed in such a manner that whenever somebody wants to gain entrance through the back door, the electronic eyes (optocoupler) installed at the locations respective sense the presence and triggers a buzzer alarm at the security department of the cantonment and seven-segment display shows the exact location of the intruder. When the fire detector sense fire-outbreak in the cantonment a pulsating alarm is triggered.

Whenever a user of the ammunition house wants to get access into it, he keys in the exact password and the gate opens and closes on its own.  If an invalid password is keyed in, an alarm is triggered at the security department with the exact location of intruder displayed on the seven-segment display unit.

Statement of the Problem

Despite the advancements in security system technology, there remains a need for versatile and cost-effective solutions that can address multiple security challenges simultaneously. Existing systems often lack integration and fail to provide comprehensive coverage in diverse environments.

Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a micro-controller based multi-purpose security system with directional capabilities. Specific objectives include:

i. To evaluate the impact of integrating various sensors and actuators controlled by a micro-controller.

ii. To determine the reliability and accuracy of directional detection and response mechanisms.

iii. To find out the practicality and efficiency of integrating remote monitoring and control features.

Research Questions

i. What is the effectiveness of integrating sensors and actuators controlled by a micro-controller in enhancing security measures?

ii. What is the reliability and accuracy of directional detection and response mechanisms in the proposed security system?

iii. How does the integration of remote monitoring and control features contribute to the overall efficiency of the security system?

Significance of the Study

This study is significant as it aims to contribute to the advancement of security system technology by demonstrating the capabilities of a micro-controller based multi-purpose security system with directional capabilities. The findings will provide valuable insights for researchers, security professionals, and system developers seeking innovative solutions to address complex security challenges.

Scope of the Study

This study will focus on the design and construction of a prototype micro-controller based multi-purpose security system with directional capabilities. The scope includes the integration of sensors for detecting various environmental parameters, actuators for responsive actions, and remote monitoring features. The study will be limited to laboratory testing and simulations to validate the functionality and performance of the prototype.

Limitations of the Study

Limitations include the complexity of real-world security scenarios that may not be fully replicated in laboratory settings. Additionally, constraints in time, resources, and technical expertise may affect the extent of prototype development and testing.

Definition of Terms

Micro-controller: A small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.

Multi-purpose Security System: A system designed to provide diverse security functions, such as intrusion detection, environmental monitoring, and access control.

Directional Capabilities: The ability of the security system to detect and respond to threats based on directional information, enhancing precision in threat detection and response.