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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The impact of industrialization is felt in a variety of ways. Setting up a new plant will have a repercussion on the local economy through the acquisition of inputs, the disposal of outputs and the generation of income. If may also affect the physical environment through site construction, the generation of affluence, and so on. In addition, there is human social or cultural impact as the lives of local people changed for better or worse. We shall examine, environmental and social or cultural impact in-turn and then on the conclude with an integrated perspective based on the concept of general welfare.

We shall consider both the identification of impact and the question of how particular patterns of impact can be achieved. Until the letter part of the 1960s the impact of industrialization was viewed very much in economic times. With the background of the depression of the 1930s and the build-up of the post war era of economic growth, the planning of industrial location was seen largely as a means of bringing the material benefits of the affluent society to localized pockets of poverty such as in Appalachia and in the northern regions of Britain.

But the attainment of high levels of material wellbeing eventually encouraged people to take a broader view of the effects of rapid economic growth on the quality of the embarrassment. In Akwa Ibom State, the increasing concern “Pollution” culminated in the national environmental impact policy act of 1969, which required the preparation of an environmental impact statement by federal government to support any policy or propose action. This, together with similar measures in other countries has focused the attention of scholars on the problem of the precise assessment of environmental impact as a matter of special relevance to the geographer’s traditional concern with man- (Whitem 1972) (O Rio Dan, 1972), (Greenberge, Anderson, page 1978).

Industrialization has taken on a very broad meaning in recent years. This is illustrated in Akwa Ibom State, (Nigeria) report on environmental impact analysis, which recognizes five major impact groups along with various subdivisions. This classification incorporates some of what we have considered as economic impact, and which extends into the social and cultural realms. It helps to reveal how intensive the impact of economic development can be as well as complexity of the task of preparing a industrial development, the identification of the optimum location with respect to environmental impact would involve a

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