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EFFECT OF VITAMINS C AND E ON MEMORY IN ADULT MICE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The increasing prevalence of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases in both humans and animals has prompted significant interest in identifying dietary factors that may enhance cognitive functions. Among the various dietary constituents, vitamins have been investigated for their potential neuroprotective effects. Vitamins C and E, both recognized for their antioxidant properties, have garnered attention in research focusing on memory enhancement (Hussain et al., 2021). Antioxidants play a crucial role in combating oxidative stress, which is implicated in neuronal damage and cognitive dysfunction (Khan et al., 2020).

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient involved in various physiological processes, including the synthesis of neurotransmitters and the maintenance of neuronal integrity (Carr & Frei, 2019). Research has shown that vitamin C can mitigate oxidative stress and improve synaptic plasticity, which is critical for learning and memory (Wang et al., 2020). For instance, a study by Alamdari et al. (2021) demonstrated that vitamin C supplementation improved memory performance in aged rats, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent against cognitive decline.

Similarly, vitamin E, primarily comprising tocopherols and tocotrienols, has been recognized for its role in protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage (Niki, 2019). Studies suggest that vitamin E may enhance cognitive function by promoting neuronal survival and modulating signaling pathways involved in learning and memory (Ruan et al., 2019). In a randomized controlled trial, vitamin E supplementation was associated with improved cognitive performance among elderly individuals, suggesting a protective effect against age-related memory impairment (Mangialasche et al., 2018).

Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the role of vitamins C and E in cognitive health, few studies have directly investigated their combined effects on memory in animal models. This gap presents an opportunity for further exploration, particularly in the context of adult mice, which serve as valuable models for understanding human cognitive processes. The proposed study aims to address this gap by examining the effects of vitamins C and E on memory in adult mice, contributing to the understanding of dietary interventions in cognitive enhancement.

The relevance of this study is underscored by the increasing interest in nutraceuticals as adjuncts to conventional therapies for cognitive disorders. Understanding how these vitamins influence memory could have significant implications for dietary recommendations and public health initiatives aimed at preventing cognitive decline. Furthermore, this research could pave the way for future studies exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of vitamins C and E.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Cognitive decline poses a significant challenge to public health, particularly in aging populations. While numerous studies have investigated various pharmacological approaches to mitigate memory impairment, there remains a lack of comprehensive research examining the role of dietary vitamins in enhancing cognitive function. Specifically, the potential synergistic effects of vitamins C and E on memory in adult mice have not

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