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Relationship Between Foot Posture and Lower Limb Alignment Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

The study examines the relationship between foot posture and lower limb alignment among undergraduate students, with emphasis on how variations in foot posture correspond with differences in the alignment of the lower extremity. Foot posture reflects the structural and functional position of the foot during standing and weight bearing, while lower limb alignment describes the arrangement of the hip, knee, ankle, and foot in relation to one another. Understanding the relationship between these anatomical characteristics is important for appreciating normal lower limb biomechanics and identifying patterns of postural variation among young adults. The study will assess foot posture and selected lower limb alignment parameters among undergraduate students using standardized anatomical landmarks and appropriate assessment procedures. The specific objectives will include determining the distribution of different foot posture patterns, assessing selected lower limb alignment measurements, comparing alignment characteristics across different foot posture patterns, and determining the strength and direction of the relationship between foot posture and lower limb alignment. Differences between the right and left lower limbs will also be assessed where applicable. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. An appropriate sample of undergraduate students will be selected using an appropriate sampling technique. Foot posture will be assessed using standardized clinical or anthropometric procedures, while lower limb alignment will be evaluated using appropriate anatomical landmarks and measurement techniques. The collected data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while appropriate correlation and inferential statistical tests will be applied to determine the relationship between foot posture and lower limb alignment. The study is expected to identify different patterns of foot posture among the study population, with corresponding variations in selected lower limb alignment parameters. A measurable relationship may be observed between foot posture and lower limb alignment, although the strength and direction of the association may vary among participants. Differences between the right and left lower limbs may also be identified. The findings are expected to provide information on the pattern of lower limb alignment associated with different foot postures without implying that foot posture alone determines overall lower limb alignment. The findings will be useful to anatomists, physiotherapists, podiatrists, orthopaedic practitioners, sports medicine professionals, and other healthcare professionals involved in the assessment of lower limb posture and biomechanics. The study may provide useful reference information on foot posture and lower limb alignment among young adults and contribute to the understanding of anatomical relationships within the lower extremity. The findings may also support postural assessment, movement analysis, and the identification of individuals who may benefit from further biomechanical evaluation. The study will conclude by documenting the relationship between foot posture and lower limb alignment among undergraduate students. It is recommended that standardized assessment procedures be used when evaluating foot posture and lower limb alignment, while further studies involving larger and more diverse populations should be conducted to establish broader reference data and examine additional factors associated with lower limb postural characteristics.

Keywords: Foot posture, lower limb alignment, anatomical alignment, foot morphology, lower limb anatomy, postural assessment, biomechanics, undergraduate students, young adults, foot position, lower extremity, limb alignment, anthropometry, musculoskeletal anatomy, anatomical measurements.