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Sexual Dimorphism in Biceps Femoris Muscle Dimensions Among Young Adults

Abstract

The study examines sexual dimorphism in the dimensions of the biceps femoris muscle among young adults, with emphasis on differences in selected morphological measurements between males and females. The biceps femoris is a major muscle of the posterior thigh and forms an important component of the hamstring muscle group. It contributes to hip extension, knee flexion, and lateral rotation of the leg, while its anatomical dimensions are relevant to lower-limb movement, muscle function, and clinical assessment. The study will determine the dimensions of the biceps femoris muscle among young adults and compare the observed measurements between male and female participants. The specific objectives will include determining selected dimensions of the muscle, assessing the range of variation in the measurements, comparing the dimensions between the sexes, and evaluating whether significant differences exist in the measured characteristics. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. An appropriate sample of young adult participants will be selected using a suitable sampling technique. Data on biceps femoris muscle dimensions will be obtained using standardized anatomical, anthropometric, or imaging-based procedures and appropriate measurement instruments. The data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while appropriate independent-group inferential tests will be applied to determine differences between male and female participants. The study is expected to reveal variations in the measured dimensions of the biceps femoris muscle among the young adults studied. Differences in selected muscle dimensions between male and female participants may also be observed, with some measurements potentially demonstrating statistically significant differences. The findings are expected to provide evidence of sex-related variation in biceps femoris morphology without implying that such differences are uniform across all individuals. The findings will be useful to anatomists, physical therapists, sports scientists, orthopaedic professionals, radiologists, rehabilitation specialists, and other healthcare practitioners involved in the assessment of lower-limb anatomy and function. The study may provide useful reference data for understanding sex-related anatomical variation in the biceps femoris muscle and may support interpretation of imaging findings, musculoskeletal assessment, rehabilitation planning, and anatomical research. The study will conclude by documenting the dimensions and sex-related variation of the biceps femoris muscle among young adults. It is recommended that standardized measurement procedures be used when assessing biceps femoris morphology and that further studies involving larger and more diverse populations be conducted to establish broader reference data on sex-related differences in posterior thigh muscle anatomy.

Keywords: Biceps femoris muscle, sexual dimorphism, muscle dimensions, hamstring muscles, posterior thigh, muscle morphology, anatomical variation, young adults, sex differences, morphometry, lower limb anatomy, muscle measurement, musculoskeletal anatomy, anthropometry, anatomy.