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Sexual Dimorphism in Obturator Internus Muscle Dimensions Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

The study examines sexual dimorphism in the dimensions of the obturator internus muscle among undergraduate students, with emphasis on differences in selected morphological and measurable characteristics between male and female individuals. The obturator internus is a deep muscle of the lateral pelvic wall that contributes to lateral rotation and stabilization of the hip joint and is closely related to important structures within the pelvis and gluteal region. Knowledge of its dimensional characteristics and sex-related variation is important for improving understanding of pelvic anatomy and supporting clinical and anatomical assessments involving the hip and pelvic region. The study will assess selected dimensions of the obturator internus muscle using standardized anatomical landmarks and appropriate anatomical or imaging-based assessment procedures. The specific objectives will include determining the measurable dimensions of the muscle among the study participants, comparing selected dimensions between male and female individuals, documenting variations in muscle configuration, and assessing the anatomical relationships of the muscle with surrounding pelvic structures where applicable. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. An appropriate sample of male and female undergraduate students will be selected using an appropriate sampling technique. Data on the dimensions and morphological characteristics of the obturator internus muscle will be obtained using standardized procedures and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Appropriate independent-group inferential tests will also be applied to determine whether observed differences in selected muscle dimensions between male and female participants are statistically significant. The study is expected to reveal measurable differences in selected obturator internus muscle dimensions between male and female undergraduate students. Some dimensions may show greater mean values in one sex than the other, while other characteristics may demonstrate minimal or no significant difference. The findings are expected to provide evidence of sex-related variation in the morphology of the obturator internus muscle within the study population and may contribute to a better understanding of individual anatomical diversity. The findings will be useful to anatomists, radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, physiotherapists, sports medicine practitioners, and other healthcare professionals involved in the assessment of the pelvic and hip regions. The study may provide reference information on the dimensions of the obturator internus muscle and support the interpretation of anatomical and imaging findings, particularly where differences in muscle morphology may influence clinical assessment or procedural planning. The study will conclude by documenting the dimensional characteristics and sex-related variations of the obturator internus muscle among the study population. It is recommended that standardized anatomical and imaging-based procedures be used when assessing the muscle, while further research involving larger and more diverse populations should be conducted to establish broader reference data on obturator internus morphology and sexual dimorphism.

Keywords: Obturator internus muscle, sexual dimorphism, muscle dimensions, pelvic anatomy, hip muscles, morphological variation, anatomical variation, pelvic wall, hip joint, undergraduate students, muscle morphology, radiology, anatomy, pelvic measurements, anatomical assessment.