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Sexual Dimorphism in Vastus Medialis Muscle Dimensions Among Young Adults

Abstract

The study examines sexual dimorphism in the dimensions of the vastus medialis muscle among young adults, with emphasis on differences in selected muscle measurements between male and female participants. The vastus medialis is a component of the quadriceps femoris muscle group located on the medial aspect of the anterior thigh. It contributes to knee extension and plays an important role in maintaining medial patellar stability during lower limb movement. Understanding differences in its dimensions may provide useful information on anatomical variation between the sexes and contribute to the interpretation of normal musculoskeletal anatomy. The study will determine the dimensions of the vastus medialis muscle among young adults and compare the measured characteristics between male and female participants. The specific objectives will include measuring selected dimensions of the vastus medialis, determining the mean measurements for each sex, assessing the degree of variation in the observed dimensions, and establishing whether significant differences exist between male and female participants. Where applicable, differences between the right and left sides will also be documented. A cross-sectional descriptive research design will be adopted for the study. An appropriate sample of young adult participants will be selected using a suitable sampling technique. Data on the dimensions of the vastus medialis will be obtained using standardized anatomical or imaging-based assessment procedures and appropriate measurement instruments. The collected data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while appropriate inferential tests will be applied to compare the measurements between male and female participants. The study is expected to reveal variations in the dimensions of the vastus medialis among the participants, with male and female groups potentially demonstrating differences in selected muscle measurements. Some of the observed differences may be statistically significant, while other measurements may show considerable overlap between the groups. Side-related variation may also be observed where both limbs are assessed. The findings are expected to provide information on the extent of sex-related variation in the morphology of the vastus medialis among young adults. The findings will be useful to anatomists, physiotherapists, orthopaedic surgeons, radiologists, sports medicine practitioners, rehabilitation specialists, and other healthcare professionals involved in lower limb assessment and management. The study may provide useful anatomical reference information for understanding variations in vastus medialis dimensions and may support clinical and imaging-based assessment of the anterior thigh and knee region. The study will conclude by documenting the dimensional characteristics of the vastus medialis and identifying the observed differences between male and female young adults. It is recommended that standardized anatomical and imaging-based measurement procedures be used when assessing the muscle, while further studies involving larger and more diverse populations should be conducted to establish broader reference values for vastus medialis dimensions.

Keywords: Vastus medialis, sexual dimorphism, muscle dimensions, quadriceps femoris, anterior thigh, knee joint, muscle morphology, anatomical variation, lower limb, knee extension, patellar stability, young adults, sex differences, musculoskeletal anatomy, clinical anatomy.