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PRODUCTION OF ALKYD RESIN FROM THE OIL OF MONODORA MYRISTICA (EHURU OIL)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Alkyd resins are important polymers used extensively in coatings, paints, and adhesives due to their excellent durability and versatility (Farag et al., 2022). These resins are typically produced through the polycondensation of polyols with fatty acids and/or oils, which results in a product with desirable properties such as hardness, gloss, and adhesion (Bai et al., 2019). The traditional sources of fatty acids for alkyd resin production include vegetable oils like soybean and linseed oils. However, there is growing interest in exploring alternative, non-traditional oils to diversify sources and potentially improve the properties of the resins (Ali et al., 2021).

Monodora myristica, commonly known as Ehuru, is a tropical plant native to West Africa, renowned for its aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice and in traditional medicine (Afolabi et al., 2018). The oil extracted from Monodora myristica seeds has shown potential for various applications due to its unique chemical composition (Akindele et al., 2021). This oil is rich in fatty acids and essential oils, making it a promising candidate for producing alkyd resins. Recent research has highlighted the potential of Monodora myristica oil in the production of biodiesel, indicating its versatility as a renewable resource (Ogunyemi et al., 2022).

The use of Monodora myristica oil for alkyd resin production is of particular interest because it may offer a sustainable alternative to more common oils used in the industry. The chemical properties of the oil, such as its fatty acid profile, can significantly influence the properties of the resulting alkyd resin, including its drying time, hardness, and chemical resistance (Alabi et al., 2023). Investigating the feasibility of using this oil can contribute to the development of more sustainable and economically viable materials for the coatings industry.

In recent years, there has been a push towards utilizing agricultural and plant-based resources in industrial applications, driven by environmental concerns and the need for sustainable practices (Sharma et al., 2020). The production of alkyd resins from Monodora myristica oil aligns with this trend by potentially reducing reliance on non-renewable resources and providing an additional income source for farmers in regions where the plant is cultivated (Ajayi et al., 2024).

Despite these potential benefits, there is limited research on the application of Monodora myristica oil in alkyd resin production. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating the viability of using this oil as a raw material for alkyd resins and assessing the properties of the resulting resins compared to those produced from more traditional oils (Udeh et al., 2023). Understanding the characteristics and performance of alkyd resins derived from Monodora myristica oil can help determine its practicality for industrial applications and contribute to the broader field of sustainable material development.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The need for sustainable and environmentally friendly materials in industrial applications is increasing. Traditional sources of oils for alkyd resin production are often derived from non-renewable resources or have significant environmental impacts. Monodora myristica, a plant native to West Africa, presents a potential alternative due to its abundant seed oil, which could be used to produce alkyd resins. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the feasibility and performance of alkyd resins derived from Monodora myristica oil compared to those made from conventional oils. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the suitability of Monodora myristica oil for alkyd resin production and evaluating the properties of the resulting resins.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to determine the feasibility and performance of producing alkyd resins from Monodora myristica oil. Specific objectives include:

i. To evaluate the impact of Monodora myristica oil on the chemical properties of alkyd resins.

ii. To determine the physical properties of alkyd resins produced from Monodora myristica oil compared to those made from traditional oils.

iii. To find out the potential industrial applications of alkyd resins derived from Monodora myristica oil.

1.4 Research Questions

i. What is the impact of Monodora myristica oil on the chemical properties of alkyd resins?

ii. What are the physical properties of alkyd resins produced from Monodora myristica oil compared to those made from traditional oils?

iii. How does the use of Monodora myristica oil influence the potential industrial applications of alkyd resins?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant as it explores a sustainable alternative to traditional oils used in alkyd resin production. By investigating the use of Monodora myristica oil, this research could contribute to reducing reliance on non-renewable resources and promoting environmentally friendly practices in the coatings industry. Additionally, it has the potential to provide economic benefits by creating new opportunities for agricultural development and providing a new source of income for farmers in West Africa. The findings could lead to the development of innovative products with enhanced properties and broaden the applications of alkyd resins.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The scope of this study includes the production of alkyd resins from Monodora myristica oil and the assessment of their properties. It covers the chemical and physical characteristics of the resins, including their drying time, hardness, gloss, and chemical resistance. The study is limited to comparing these properties with those of alkyd resins produced from traditional oils. The research will not extend to other potential applications of Monodora myristica oil outside of alkyd resin production.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

The study may face limitations related to the availability and consistency of Monodora myristica oil. Variability in the oil's chemical composition due to different sources or extraction methods could affect the results. Additionally, the study's focus on specific properties of alkyd resins may not encompass all potential characteristics or applications. Limited access to advanced testing facilities may also constrain the depth of the analysis.

1.8 Definition of Terms

Alkyd Resin: A type of polyester resin used in coatings and adhesives, produced by the reaction of polyols with fatty acids or oils.

Monodora myristica: A tropical plant native to West Africa, known for its aromatic seeds and oil, which can be used in various industrial applications.

Polycondensation: A chemical reaction in which monomers react to form a polymer, typically releasing a small molecule such as water or methanol.

Fatty Acids: Organic acids with long hydrocarbon chains found in fats and oils, which are crucial for the production of alkyd resins.