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ACCOUNTING PLANNING AND CONTROL KEY TO EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

 The process of managing a business or an organization consists of the basic elements of planning, control and decision making. Planning and control are parts and parcel of   our daily likes. Planning and control of cost and operations is the key to good management. Accounting control is a process of developing plans for a company’s    expected operations to help to carryout those plans.

    Accounting planning has to do with setting out aims and objectives to be achieved over a period of time and control monitors how well the aims and objective are achieved. The preparation of a company’s finance is the single important aspect of its success. As a tool of management, it can increase the efficiency of the organization at a while since all the departments are involved. The accounting planning and efficiency are not achieved by an organization if they are not properly financed. The efficiency and effectiveness of any organization, therefore depend on a number of factors which may be categorized as clarify of purposes, management, planning, control and communication.

There is a need to have a clear knowledge of the objectives of the organizations, otherwise it will not be possible to identify goals set target for their achievements in form of planning, control   and management of its finance.  accounting  management has to do with planning, controlling, acquiring and utilizing of funds in a way that maximized the efficiency of the firm, most especially, (finance is the evaluation and acquisition product assets, procurement of funds and disbursement of which involved funds). The finance received by any business may be influenced by the followinFixed assets necessary for producing and distribution of products e.g. plants and machines.

b)Raw materials plants and miscellaneous supplies to purchase.

C)Wages and other expenses to be paid.

       There are alternative involved in  accounting  decision which include the use of internal and external source. The source is mostly used for the firms operation and should not be over looked when planning finance. They are generated from operation or retained in current assets. The external sources are made up of three main types namely: short term, medium term which consist of back   loan, hire purchase and sale and lease back equipment.  Long term consist of debenture with a fixed charge or floating charge.

       The need for Accounting planning arises becauseAccounting resources are limited and costly and even where the resources are available; the areas into which they could be applied to make profit are diverse.  Planning and control acts as a device that   enable management to anticipate changer are adopting it. No business exists without this concept and success in business is proportionate to its planning and skill with which it is controlled.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE  STUDY

Owerri municipal council

Owerri municipal council officially came into existence on December 5, 1989 during the regime of Gen. Ibrahim Babangida. It is striking to note that the new Owerri urban district was created under   eastern region legal notices No 218 of 1955. Further in 1958 it was renamed country council and in 1960 it was properly called local government. In 1966, East central state was created and the local system was abolished and civil war broke out.

     After civil war, in 1971 the local administration was called decision administration and Owerri   division was created comprising the present Owerri municipal, Ngor  okpala L.G.A, Owerri north L.G.A and  Owerri west L.G.A.  in 1976,  under the murtala Mohammed  state creation  exercise, Owerri suddenly bounded bank into  prominence and it regained its lost glory by becoming the capital of  Imo state   with  the development trappings  associated  with the New role.

     According to 2005 national causes figure, Owerri municipal is tentatively put to be 127, 213, where 62, 990 are male and 64, 223 are female. However, this projection has almost been double. Owerri municipal council is strategically located at the center or heart of Imo state. This has caused its dominance of other semi-urban L.G.A.  In Imo state to suffer and upsurge in population and traffic congestion everyday. Reasonably, the federal and state government as well ass non-governmental and international organizations intervene appropriately: its peaceful nature will result to total clean-lines as it has assumed for now.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

               The problems associated with this study are the following:

•   Inadequate fund: The sources of revenue of some organization (local government) are just too limited for their commitments. Consequently, they would require subsides from the state government   to execute capital project.

•   Lack of qualified staff: This is true of most local government particularly the professional cadre.  The problem is not unconnected with the unattractive conclusion of service to this cadre in the local government as compares with colleagues in the state/ federal services.

•    Lack of basic infrastructure: Absence of skilled manpower to manage and direct the affairs of local government to manifest in the absence of basic infrastructure.

•                     Some organizations are not doing well during their operations due to wrong accounting planning, control and also poor management.

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

 accounting  planning and control is the key ingredients of successful management at all levels. The objectives of this study will be:

•   Toassess the effectiveness of forecasts of cash receipt and disbursement.

•   To find out the borrowing requirement of organization

•   To find out how organization plan their investment programmes.

•   To know how efficient and effective operation which have been adopted and approved by government to strengthen the accounting base of the council. E.g.  Revenue derivatives, slaughter slab fees, shops and kiosk rate etc.

•   To know and assess the extend of lending, bank borrowing, hire purchase, sale and lease, bank in the council.

1.4 RESEARCH   QUESTION:

To carry this research effectively, certain   questions were asked in order to ascertain the relevant information needed. Such questions are:

•        How does the management of Owerri municipal council, Imo state attend to the problem of accounting planning and control in their organization?

•   How does planning and control enhance management decision?

•   Enumerate the efficiency of management in respect with accounting planning and control.

•    What are the techniques for  accounting  planning and control?

•   How dose planning and control boost an organizational goal.

•   What are the benefit management drive from planning and control?

1.5 RESEARCH   HYPOTHESIS:

       In order to ensure that the conclusion made from the study is free from bias of any sort, the hypothesis are formulated and tested.

HO: Null Hypothesis

HA: Alternative Hypothesis

HO: There is no relationship between  accounting  planning and control to management efficiency.

HA: there is a relationship between AccountingAccounting planning and control to management efficiency.

1.6  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The important of this study will be in the development of method using Accounting planning and relevant policy decision which if well applied will increase their efficiency and effectiveness. It will also make the government of various areas to know the need of setting a target and how to achieve those targets made and controlling those plans in order to ensure those targets are achieved and monitored. Some importances of Accounting planning are:

1.7  Accounting planning and control helps  management anticipate and

        Systematically prepare for future resources.

•   Planning helps Owerri municipal council keep on top of the ever present charges in information technology.

•   Planning helps to develop much users and the organizations needs.

•   Planning and control facilitates management approval and users view

1.8 SCOPE/ DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

Here, we up how managerial function can assist the local government outline the things to be alone, the method to be adopted to accomplish the purpose and the activity within allowable limits as measured from expectations. These expectations may be implicit or explicitly stated in terms of objectives, plans, procedures or rules and regulations. This study covers Owerri municipal council but the result case shed is generalize for other council in Nigeria

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

This study was limits by the following:

•    Time constraint is against the much demanding nature of the work in the areas of visits the organization of study.

•   Unavailability of enough Accountingbanks up necessary for the required achievement of the objectives of the tasks.

•   Uncompromising attitude of some staff.

1.9 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

•   Finance: This is the evaluation and acquisition of productive assets, procurement of funds and disbursement of funds.

•   Efficiency: this is the effective achievement of result. It is the ratio output to input. This has to do with the equality of people in which the resources are required to achieve an organizational goal.

•   Planning: This is setting centre of an organization in examining the future and scheduling causes of action.

•   Management: This is a process of achieving organizational goals or objectives through the use of people and other resources of the organization.

•   Control: this is the means to ensure that organizations are achieving their objectives.

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