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ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND DECOLOURIZATION OF SYNTHETIC TEXTILES DYES BY THERMOPHILIC HALOPHILIC ACTINOMYCETES SPECIES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The textile industry plays a significant role in the global economy, providing clothing and other textile products to meet the demands of a growing population. However, the production and use of synthetic textile dyes have raised concerns due to their adverse environmental impacts. These dyes are often released into wastewater during various textile manufacturing processes, leading to pollution of water bodies and soil, and posing a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, it is essential to develop efficient and sustainable methods for the removal of synthetic textile dyes from wastewater.

Conventional methods for dye removal, such as chemical oxidation, precipitation, and adsorption, have limitations in terms of cost, efficiency, and generation of toxic by-products. Bioremediation, which utilizes the metabolic activities of microorganisms to degrade or transform pollutants, has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly approach for dye removal. In recent years, considerable research efforts have focused on exploring the potential of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, for the decolourization of synthetic textile dyes.

Actinomycetes, a group of filamentous bacteria, are known for their diverse metabolic capabilities and ability to produce a wide range of bioactive compounds. They are widely distributed in various habitats, including soil, water, and extreme environments such as hot springs and saline environments. Actinomycetes have been extensively studied for their ability to produce enzymes and secondary metabolites with applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. The unique adaptations of actinomycetes to extreme environments make them intriguing candidates for bioremediation processes, including the removal of synthetic textile dyes.

Among the different types of actinomycetes, thermophilic and halophilic species have attracted attention due to their ability to thrive in high-temperature and high-salinity environments. Thermophilic actinomycetes are capable of growing at temperatures above 45°C, while halophilic actinomycetes can tolerate high salt concentrations. These extremophilic actinomycetes possess distinctive physiological and metabolic characteristics, which make them potentially valuable resources for various industrial applications.

In recent years, several studies have reported the isolation and characterization of actinomycetes strains capable of decolourizing synthetic textile dyes. These studies have demonstrated the potential of actinomycetes in dye degradation, highlighting their versatility and efficiency in treating textile dye-contaminated wastewater. However, the majority of these studies have focused on mesophilic actinomycetes, and the potential of thermophilic halophilic actinomycetes species in dye decolourization remains relatively unexplored.

Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate, characterize, and investigate the decolourization potential of thermophilic halophilic actinomycetes species towards synthetic textile dyes. We hypothesized that the extremophilic nature of these actinomycetes would provide them with unique enzymatic activities and metabolic pathways, enabling efficient and effective dye decolourization. By harnessing their capabilities, we anticipate contributing to the development of sustainable and eco-friendly strategies for the removal of synthetic textile dyes from wastewater.

To achieve our objectives, we collected diverse samples from extreme environments, such as hot springs and saline habitats, known to harbor thermophilic halophilic actinomycetes species. These samples were then enriched and screened using selective media containing synthetic textile dyes as the sole carbon source. Promising strains capable of utilizing synthetic textile dyes were subsequently isolated and subjected to detailed characterization.

In this study, we present the isolation, morphological characterization, biochemical analysis, and molecular identification of the isolated thermophilic halophilic actinomycetes species. Furthermore, we evaluate their decolourization potential towards synthetic textile dyes, determine the optimal conditions for dye decolourization, and investigate the mechanisms involved in the degradation and detoxification of these dyes.

Overall, this research contributes to our understanding of the potential of extremophilic actinomycetes in the field of