Select Currency
Translate this page

THE EFFICACY OF THE EXTRACT OF CHEWING STICK ON THE AGENTS OF DENTAL CARRIES ISOLATE

Format: MS WORD  |  Chapter: 1-5  |  Pages: 45  |  3053 Users found this project useful  |  Price NGN5,000

  DOWNLOAD THE FULL PROJECT

ABSTRACT

The bacterial isolate from the teeth was determined by using standard microbiological method. About 0.1ml Aliguot of the 10-2 dilution was aseptically sampled in bacteriological media. The result obtained shows that the bacteriological level detected in the various teeth ranged from 40.0 x10-1, 60.0 x10-1,41.0x10-1, 18.0 X 10-1, 20.0 X 10-1, 15.0 x 10-1, 20.0 x 10-1. The organism isolated were gram positive rod and gram positive cocci. The antimicrobial activity of chewing stick was performed from isolates gotten from the teeth. The organisms included are gram positive cocci and gram positive rod, decoction method was used for the extraction of the active compounds from the plant. The result revealed that the chewing stick showed activity against gram positive rod at the concentration of 62.5mg/ml with the zone of inhibition of 7mm and 5mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC mg/ml) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC mg/m) was determined to show that the extract exhibited the growth of the test organism with the MIC between 62.5mg/ml.

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The use of chewing sticks has been documented since ancient times. This kind of tooth brushing has been used by the Babylonians some 7000 years ago (Enwonwu et al, 2002) in many traditional cultures, there are no plastic-bristle brushes, rather, the use of herbal chewing sticks for rehiring dental problems is common. The cleansing efficacy of chewing sticks is attributed to the mechanical effects of its fibres release of beneficial chemicals or a combination of both (EL. Said et al, 1976). Some African chewing sticks are also reported to contain fluoridations, silicon, tannic acid, sodium bicarbonate and other natural plague inhibiting substances that can reduce bacterial colonization and plague formation (Pathol 1997).

Tannin exerts an astringent effect on the action of glucosyltransferase thus reducing the clinically detectable gingivitis. Tannins also inhibit the action of glucosyltransferase this reducing plague and gingivitis (Almas & Allafl 1995). Resumes forms a layer over the enamel and this protects against caries. Alkaloids exert bactericidal effect in the oral cavity (Gerrit 1993) Essential (volatile) oils possess characteristic normal and exert antiseptic action (Almas East 1993). They would have their East sulphur compounds have a bactericidal action (Aklitar M.S. 1981). Vitamin C is antioxidant and helps in the repair of tissues. Sodium bicarbonate has abrasive properties and is, thus, used as dentifrice in addition to having a mold germicidal action (Hardy, 2003). The high concentrations of chloride inhibit calculus formation (Darout, 2000) and help in the rerouting of stains from the teeth (Almas East 2003) saturation of saliva, which inhibits demineralization and promotes remineralization of tooth enamel.

A great number of these plant species have related medicinal properties that may be antibacterial D. benthamianusis rich in flavonoid compound (Ghawla, 1983) such as oxyayain A, oxyayain B, Ayanin and Distemonantin. These components have been implicated in anti-tumor activity, antioxidative activity (Rubola & Tanaka, 1993), antiarenergic activity and treatment of bacteria, fungi and viral (Chawla, 1983). Anogeissuleicarpus is also another plant species used in traditional medicine as a remedy for many ailments of livestock and man, which include helminthosis, schistomiasis, leprosy, diarrhea and psoriasis (El Mostehy and Dorner WG, 1981). In addition to these applications, Hollist (19) reported that A. Leiocarpusis one of the major plants commonly used as chewing stick in Nigeria. Fagarazanthoxyloides is also widely distributed in Africa countries. The root-back extract is used in treating elephantiasis, toothache, sexual impotence, gonorrhea malaria, dysmenorrhoea and abdominal (George et al ,1985).

Many studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial, anticarries, anti-therapeutic and antifungal properties of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of various chewing stick.(Mohammed A, Turner JE,1983). There are documented reports on the antimicrobial activity of a Leicarpuson oral-microflora. (kubotak et al 1988) reported the antimicrobial effects of its root extract on Staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeroginosa (Al Lafit, Ababreh H 1995). Workers in west Africa have also reported the anti-sickling and antimicrobial activity of the extracts of fagarazanthoxyloides (Hattab FN, miswak,1997). 

Water extracts from the plant showed activities against bacteria significant to periodontal disease (Hardy j& Ezirmly,1997).The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of the root bark of F. zanthoxyloides was also reported (Ndungu et al,1990) and it is a very popular anthelmintic amongst the various tubes in Uganda. It has also been found that the alchoholic extracts of the root-bark possesses considerable antibacterial (Acta odontal,scand 1989). An anti-sickling agent (AL-Otaibi 2003) and anti-inflammatory amide were isolated from the plant. Therefore, this paper examines the inhibitory activity of some selected Nigerian chewing stick extracts against selected and clinical isolates of candida species.

  DOWNLOAD THE FULL PROJECT

THE EFFICACY OF THE EXTRACT OF CHEWING STICK ON THE AGENTS OF DENTAL CARRIES ISOLATE

Not The Topic You Are Looking For?



For Quick Help Chat with Us Now!

+234 813 292 6373

+233 55 397 8005


HOW TO GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT ON THE EFFICACY OF THE EXTRACT OF CHEWING STICK ON THE AGENTS OF DENTAL CARRIES ISOLATE INSTANTLY

  • Click on the Download Button above.
  • Select any option to get the complete project immediately.
  • Chat with Our Instant Help Desk on +234 813 292 6373 for further assistance.
  • All projects on our website are well researched by professionals with high level of professionalism.

Here's what our amazing customers are saying

Stancy M
Abia State University, Uturu
I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much iprojectmaster, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...
Excellent
Dau Mohammed Kabiru
Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya
This is my first time..Your service is superb. But because I was pressed for time, I became jittery when I did not receive feedbackd. I will do more business with you and I will recommend you to my friends. Thank you.
Very Good
Peace From Unilag
I cried not knowing how to go about my project but the day i searched online and saw iprojectmaster, i called and got my full project in less than 15minutes, i was shocked!
Excellent
Oluchi From Michael Opara University
If you are a student and you have not used iprojectmaster materials, you are missing big time! iprojectmaster is the BEST
Excellent
Abdulrazak Bello Marsha
Usman Dan fodio University
It was quite a better guide for project and paper presentation purpoting. Many thanks.
Average
Temitayo Ayodele
Obafemi Awolowo University
My friend told me about iprojectmaster website, I doubted her until I saw her download her full project instantly, I tried mine too and got it instantly, right now, am telling everyone in my school about iprojectmaster.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work
Very Good
Abraham Ogbanje
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
At first I was afraid.. But I discovered they are legit. I will bring more patronize
Very Good
Gbadamosi Solomon Oluwabunmi
Lasu
Swift delivery within 9 minutes of payment. Thank you project master
Excellent
MATTHEW NGBEDE
Ahmadu Bello University
I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!
Excellent
Abubakar Iliyasu Hashim
Federal college of education pankshin affiliated to university of jos
I am highly impressed with your unquantifiable efforts for the leaners, more grace to your elbow.I will inform my colleagues about your website.
Very Good

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How do I get this complete project on THE EFFICACY OF THE EXTRACT OF CHEWING STICK ON THE AGENTS OF DENTAL CARRIES ISOLATE?

Simply click on the Download button above and follow the procedure stated.

I have a fresh topic that is not on your website. How do I go about it?

How fast can I get this complete project on THE EFFICACY OF THE EXTRACT OF CHEWING STICK ON THE AGENTS OF DENTAL CARRIES ISOLATE?

Within 15 minutes if you want this exact project topic without adjustment

Is it a complete research project or just materials?

It is a Complete Research Project i.e Chapters 1-5, Abstract, Table of Contents, Full References, Questionnaires / Secondary Data

What if I want to change the case study for THE EFFICACY OF THE EXTRACT OF CHEWING STICK ON THE AGENTS OF DENTAL CARRIES ISOLATE, What do i do?

Chat with Our Instant Help Desk Now: +234 813 292 6373 and you will be responded to immediately

How will I get my complete project?

Your Complete Project Material will be sent to your Email Address in Ms Word document format

Can I get my Complete Project through WhatsApp?

Yes! We can send your Complete Research Project to your WhatsApp Number

What if my Project Supervisor made some changes to a topic i picked from your website?

Call Our Instant Help Desk Now: +234 813 292 6373 and you will be responded to immediately

Do you assist students with Assignment and Project Proposal?

Yes! Call Our Instant Help Desk Now: +234 813 292 6373 and you will be responded to immediately

What if i do not have any project topic idea at all?

Smiles! We've Got You Covered. Chat with us on WhatsApp Now to Get Instant Help: +234 813 292 6373

How can i trust this site?

We are well aware of fraudulent activities that have been happening on the internet. It is regrettable, but hopefully declining. However, we wish to reinstate to our esteemed clients that we are genuine and duly registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission as "PRIMEDGE TECHNOLOGY". This site runs on Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), therefore all transactions on this site are HIGHLY secure and safe!