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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Family planning, until  recently  a  very  sensitive  subject  in  black  Africa,  is  now being increasingly accepted as necessary ingredient of socio- economic development as claimed by the centers for Disease control. The  development  came  as  a  response  to  the  population  increases  which  is  in  a geometrical progression.

Adeleke, Leong (2004) claimed that “the fact that population increases is in geometrical progression (i.e., 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 ....) has worried men since the time of Malthus (2002)”.  The  book  described  Malthus  as  “a  British  clergyman  and political  economist, who  noted  with  dismay  that  men  would  one  day  reach  a  starvation  level  when  food production would fail to keep up with population increase”.

According to  Adekunle,  Areoye, Alabi,  Boluwaji  (2006),  on  the  average,  the population growth rate in West Africa is about 2.5%. The book added that recently, the rate of growth of population has been relatively high in West Africa.

Adeleke, Leong (1999) therefore suggested some ways of meeting the population problem. The most important of all the ways suggested was the cutting down of the rate of population increase through family planning or birth control .the book included that:
If the number of births can be cut down:

The rate of increase of population will be allowed, and although population will continue  to  grow,  increases  in  food  production  may  be  able  to  keep  pace  with  the demand.
Lambo (1999) disclose that: The present high youth dependency ratio is, of course, serious from the view point of  Mobilizing  domestic  savings  and,  hence,  Capital  formation.  It  is  expected  that  the National  population  commission  will  take  more  urgent  view  of  the  functions  of population planning and control than even the Third National Plan stipulates.

It  should  engage  in  more  rigorous  and  more  meaningful  national  campaigns  in favour of family planning, provide enough advisor and treatment services, facilitate sale of  subsidized  birth  control  devices  and  draw  as  such  as  possible,  on  the  experience  of Japan and Taiwan. Many  African  leaders  according  to  the  center  for  Disease  control,  “now  accept family planning as an important health measure contributing to the health of mother and children”.

Barcelona, Paulina, Donald (2000) disclosed that: Research studies shows that the concept and techniques of family planning have been  widely  accepted  in  a  majority  of  developing  countries  and  most  of  the  developed countries.

Duberman (1998) has this to say in favour of family planning: Married  couples  must  decide  at  some  time  usually  within  the  first  year  or  two whether  they  want  to  have  children  and  if  so  how  many,  when,  and  how  far  apart.
Duberman  (1998)  went  further  to  stress  the  need  for  family  planning  In  American.
According to him: American  became  conscious  of  the  environment  in  the  mld-1960s,  noting  the depletion and pollution of our natural resources. Part of this concern focused on the perils of over population. Many Americans began to give serious consideration to limiting the state of their families. Thus the birth rate is a factor in personal decision on family size.

He  went  further  to  say  that  other  variable  also  influence  decisions  on  children. Career  women,  for  example,  are  likely  to  want  fewer  children  than  women  who  are closely  Involved  in  the  home.  He  added  that  because  an  important  factor  In marital satisfactions is the fit between the planned number and spacing of children and reality, it is desirable that the husband and wife be in accord.”
Delane  (2000)  outlined  many  method  of  birth  control  commonly  used  today,  they include:  Withdrawal,  Spermicides,  Condoms,  Oral Contraceptive, Implant,  Abstinence, Douching, Safe period, Diaphragms,  Inter-Uterine  Device, Injectable contraceptive and sterilization.

Duberman  (1998) said,  at  present  time,  the  two  most  popular  methods  of  controlling whether  and  when  conception  is  to  occur  are  the  intra-uterine  device,  called  the  I.U.D. and the oral contraceptive pill for women. According  to  him,  research  has  indicated  that  all  married  couples  in  the  United States.  He  disclosed  further  that  “not  only  do  married  people  approve  of  birth  control, they also practice it. Campbell found that 81 percent of his subjects were using some kind of birth control”.

Rainwater found  a  relationship  between  social  class,  religious,  and  choice  of contraceptive  methods  according  to  Duberman  (1999).  Lower class  catholic  and Protestants select douching, withdrawal, or the condoms, middle class Protestants prefer the pill and l.U.D. lower-middle class catholic use the rhythm method”.
On the other population reports (2006) asserted that, it is evident that many people rumor about  the  later  child  bearing  probability  after  the  use  of  contraception’s.  The report goes further to say that: Despite rumors of infertility or birth defects, recent large studies  show  that  couples  become  fertile  again  after  using.

Barcelonatal (1997) ascertained  that,  it  is 

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