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CAUSES AND IMPACT OF BROKEN HOMES ON SECONDARY SCHOOL ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOLS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

The home is the first educational institution for children. According to Abdulganiyu (1997) and Christe (2009), a house is a location where a person or a family can sleep and store personal belongings. Since the concept of home has not yet been defined, defining family is crucial. Therefore, the family can be considered a social group that is defined by shared economic, cooperative, and productive characteristics. A child's family is the first major group they interact with when they are born. Transmission of social values of right and wrong, what is morally and religiously accepted or condemned by the family, it follows therefore that by the time a child attained five to seven years of age he must have learnt what are his rights, obligations and roles within the society.

Over the past few decades, the family unit has changed, and more and more households are dealing with the problems that come with dysfunctional families. Children's emotional, psychological, and social well-being can be significantly impacted by the breakdown of the family, which may have an impact on how well they perform in school. Students in secondary school, who are going through a critical period in their cognitive development, can be especially susceptible to the effects of broken homes.

Understanding the causes and impacts of broken homes on secondary school academic achievement is paramount for educators, policymakers, and parents alike. It is essential to explore the multifaceted factors contributing to family breakdowns and delve into the potential academic, emotional, and behavioral outcomes for students within such environments.

It is critical for parents, legislators, and educators to comprehend the causes of broken homes and how they affect students' academic performance in secondary school. Investigating the complex elements that lead to family dissolutions and the possible behavioral, emotional, and academic consequences for adolescents in these situations are crucial.

The purpose of this study is to examine the complex relationship between academic success in secondary school and broken homes. This study aims to provide important insights that can guide interventions, support networks, and instructional tactics targeted at reducing the negative effects of broken homes on secondary school students' academic endeavors. It does this by examining the emotional ramifications for students, evaluating the academic consequences, and identifying the underlying causes.As our society grapples with the complexities of family dynamics, understanding the educational implications becomes imperative for fostering a nurturing environment that supports the holistic development of our youth. This study serves as a crucial step toward addressing the challenges posed by broken homes and working towards the creation of a more resilient educational framework that empowers students to overcome adversities and achieve academic success.

1.2     Statement of the Problem

The disintegration of families has become a prevalent societal issue with far-reaching implications. As family structures undergo transformations, secondary school students are increasingly exposed to the challenges associated with parental separation, divorce, or marital discord. The research examines the frequency and underlying reasons of broken homes among families with secondary school students, explore into the psychological and emotional toll that these situations take on students, evaluates the effects on academic performance, and identifies interventions and support networks to mitigate the negative effects of broken homes on academic achievement in secondary schools.

1.3            Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is the cause and impact of broken homes on secondary school academic achievement among secondary schools. Specific objectives include;

i.  To evaluate the impact of broken homes on secondary school academic achievement.

ii.  To determine the major causes of contributing to the prevalence of broken homes among families with secondary school students.

iii.  To find out possible solutions aimed at mitigating the challenges associated with broken homes and fostering a conducive environment for the academic success of secondary school students.

1.4     Research Questions

i.          How does the presence of broken homes influence the academic achievement of secondary schools?

ii.          What is the primary cause contributing to the prevalence of broken homes among families with secondary schools?

iii.          What are the potential solutions to address the challenges associated with broken homes and enhance the academic success of secondary schools? 

1.5      Research Hypotheses

Hypothesis I

H0: There are no significant impact of broken homes on the academic achievement of secondary schools

H1: There are a significant impact of broken homes on the academic achievement of secondary schools.

Hypothesis II

H0: There areno specific major causes contributing to the prevalence of broken homes among families with secondary schools.

H2: There arespecific major causes contributing to the prevalence of broken homes among families with secondary schools.

Hypothesis III

H0: There are no significant effective solutions to address the challenges associated with broken homes and enhance the academic success of secondary schools.

H3: There are significant effective solutions to address the challenges associated with broken homes and enhance the academic success of secondary schools.

1.6     Significance of the Study

The goal of this research is to determinethe cause and impact of broken homes on secondary school academic achievement among secondary schools.  This is in an effort to make recommendations for mitigating and solving the issue. Children's personalities and socialization are greatly influenced by their homes; one issue that has been linked to undermining this process of socialization at home is broken households, which in turn has an impact on students' academic achievement. If secondary schools, in particular, are concerned with a child's socialization process and intellectual development, then parents, educators, teachers, and society at large will find this research work extremely valuable in understanding how a child's educational career is impacted when one or both of their parents are absent. Also, it will be of benefit to future researchers as the finding will serve as a source of literature review.

1.7       Scope of the Study

Though, the questions that led to this investigation existed throughout the nation, it is not feasible for this research to encompass all of these regions. This is because there is not enough time or resources (material and human) to collect data from every location where the research is being conducted. Therefore, the research will focus on some selected familes and schools in Karu LGA, Nasarawa State.

1.8      Limitations of the study

The study is limited by its scope focusing on a specific geographic area, potential recall bias in data collection, challenges in establishing direct causation, time constraints, susceptibility to social desirability bias, the representativeness of the sample, difficulties in generalizing findings, and resource constraints.

1.9     Definition of Terms

Broken Homes: Refers to family structures that have experienced divorce, separation, or other forms of disruption, leading to non-traditional family setups.

Divorce: Can be describe as a “savage emotional journey” where a person ricochets between the failure of the past and the uncertainty of the future, for more is involved than the legal and of a marriage.

Economy: This has to do with trade, industry, and the development of wealth. It is the relationship between the production trade and the supply of money in particular country or region. It is also the use of the time money that is available in a way that avoids waste.

Family: Family is the basic of society. This is the essential component of a country government will only be effective. If the citizens are properly oriented with good values and virtues, which is commonly taught by the family. It is the people who are related to each other.

Home: A home is where a family lives. It may be alternated to the word “house” but a house is more appropriately referring to the material construction, whereas “home” refer to the intangible thing that bind together the family members. It is the immeasurable love and care that keep together the mother father and their children.        

Impacts: Is the powerful effect that something has on somebody or something. It is to have an effect on something and also it is the act of one object hitting another the force with this happens.

Marriage: This is defined as the union of man and woman in anticipation of accomplishing the marital assignment.

Secondary School Academic Achievement: Denotes the educational performance and success of students in a secondary school setting, encompassing grades, examination scores, and overall scholastic accomplishments.

Impact: Signifies the influence, effects, or consequences resulting from the experience of broken homes on secondary school academic achievement.

Major Causes: Identifies the primary factors or reasons contributing to the occurrence of broken homes within family units.

Solutions: Encompasses strategies, interventions, or actions aimed at mitigating or addressing the challenges associated with broken homes and their impact on secondary school academic achievement.

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