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THE EFFECTS OF PARENTAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION 

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the present era of globalization and technological revolution, education is considered as a crucial step for every human activity and also regarded as the lifeline for efficient and suitable stable development of human society. Education provides the base for socio-economic development. An educational system which is of poor quality should be considered one of the most important factors hindering poor and developing countries from advancing socially and economically. In Nigeria, education is always considered of great importance as documented by almost every regime but still quality of education lacks, in terms of better schools, trained teachers, good infrastructure and needs improvement. This improvement is necessary in spite of the fact that the government's past policies have initiated drastic measures in uplifting the quality of education. It has been observed over the years that in spite of all the incentives that the government is offering to the education sector, there's an increase in overall enrolment rates but the quality of teachers is still not very impressive and does not come up to a reasonable standard. While education for all is of great importance as mentioned by many reports and surveys, equality in education for both male and female, for adults and primary education is also extremely important and thus should be included within the main objectives of any education system.

Academic achievement is a significant issue with far reaching implications for an individual's future, influencing the very quality of her/his life. As the academic achievement gap continues to baffle the minds of educators, policy makers and researchers, these disparities in academic achievement require urgent attention. However, there appeared to have been minimal improvement to this problem of underachievement over the decades despite the concerted efforts through legislation and school reform, aimed at reducing its deleterious effects.

Parental involvement takes many forms including good parenting in the home, including the provision of a secure and stable environment, intellectual stimulation, parent-child discussion, good models of constructive social and educational values and high aspirations relating to personal fulfillment and good citizenship; contact with schools to share information; participation in school events; participation in the work of the school; and participation in school governance.

Socioeconomic status affects children's academic achievement. The earliest years of development seem to be the most crucial. Children are hardest hit by family economic conditions during their early years. Unlike children from high income families, children who come from poor families have little access to materials and resources. More so, socioeconomic growth and educational development has encountered serious problems, among these problems is that there are unqualified teachers in our secondary schools today which narrowed socio-economic growth of the school system. Government remuneration is very poor thereby affecting the teachers to give in their best in secondary schools,  remuneration and incentives should be encouraged for it is the basis that motivates teachers to work hard toward educational development. Inadequate instructional materials (teaching aids) in our schools today pose the practical and the most sensitive part of learning which could go a long way in enhancing educational development in secondary school. Inadequate training for teachers (e.g. seminars, workshops etc) hinder socio economic growth in secondary school, taking for instance the advancement of information and communication technology in

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