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BIBLIOGRAPHIC COMPILATION ON CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA 2010 - 2013

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Corruption remains one of the most pressing issues in Nigeria, severely affecting its governance, economy, and social fabric. Between 2010 and 2013, Nigeria witnessed significant instances of corruption that exposed systemic weaknesses and triggered widespread public concern (Adebayo, 2021). During this period, corruption scandals involving high-ranking officials and institutions highlighted the pervasive nature of the issue, drawing both domestic and international scrutiny (Ibrahim, 2019). These scandals not only undermined public trust but also exacerbated Nigeria’s economic challenges, affecting both foreign investment and internal development (Smith, 2020).

The Nigerian government's attempts to combat corruption during this era included various anti-corruption initiatives and policies. However, these measures often fell short due to inadequate implementation and a lack of genuine political will (Ogunyemi & Sulaimon, 2020). The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and other agencies faced numerous obstacles, including political interference and insufficient resources, which hampered their effectiveness in addressing corruption (Jega, 2022). Furthermore, the legal and judicial systems were frequently criticized for their inefficiency and susceptibility to corruption, which further eroded public confidence in the fight against corruption (Akanbi, 2021).

A comprehensive bibliographic compilation of corruption in Nigeria from 2010 to 2013 reveals a pattern of recurring themes and issues. Studies during this period highlight the interplay between political power and corruption, as well as the socio-economic impacts of corruption on Nigerian society (Adesina & Adeyemi, 2019). Research has consistently pointed out that corruption has not only stifled economic growth but also contributed to social instability and inequality (Olaniyan, 2020). The role of corruption in undermining democratic institutions and governance has been a central focus, with scholars emphasizing the need for a robust anti-corruption framework (Adebayo, 2021; Ibrahim, 2019).

The historical context of corruption in Nigeria reveals deep-rooted challenges that predate the 2010-2013 period, but the intensity and visibility of corruption scandals during these years marked a significant point of reflection for policymakers and civil society (Smith, 2020). The literature underscores that while some progress was made in tackling corruption, the results were often insufficient and inconsistently applied, reflecting a broader struggle within Nigerian governance and institutional frameworks (Jega, 2022).

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The persistent issue of corruption in Nigeria has led to numerous socio-economic challenges, including the erosion of public trust, undermining of democratic institutions, and stunted economic growth. Despite various anti-corruption measures implemented between 2010 and 2013, the effectiveness of these initiatives remains questionable. The problem is compounded by systemic weaknesses in governance, political interference, and inadequate enforcement of anti-corruption laws. This study seeks to address the gaps in understanding the extent and impact of corruption during this period and to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-corruption strategies employed.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to determine the extent and impact of corruption in Nigeria between 2010 and 2013, focusing on the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures during this period.

Specific objectives include:

i.               To evaluate the impact of corruption on economic development and public trust in Nigeria.

ii.             To determine the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and initiatives implemented between 2010 and 2013.

iii.             To find out the systemic weaknesses that hindered the successful implementation of anti-corruption measures.

1.4 Research Questions

i. What is the impact of corruption on economic development and public trust in Nigeria during the period from 2010 to 2013?

ii. What is the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and initiatives implemented between 2010 and 2013?

iii. How does the presence of systemic weaknesses affect the implementation and effectiveness of anti-corruption measures?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

Hypothesis I

H0: There is no significant impact of corruption on economic development and public trust in Nigeria during the period from 2010 to 2013.

H1: There is a significant impact of corruption on economic development and public trust in Nigeria during the period from 2010 to 2013.

Hypothesis II

H0: There is no significant effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and initiatives implemented between 2010 and 2013.

H2: There is a significant effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and initiatives implemented between 2010 and 2013.

Hypothesis III

H0: There is no significant effect of systemic weaknesses on the implementation and effectiveness of anti-corruption measures.

H3: There is a significant effect of systemic weaknesses on the implementation and effectiveness of anti-corruption measures.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study is significant as it provides an in-depth analysis of corruption in Nigeria during a critical period and assesses the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of corruption on economic and social development and offer insights into the strengths and weaknesses of anti-corruption strategies. This knowledge is crucial for policymakers, scholars, and practitioners working to enhance governance and anti-corruption efforts in Nigeria.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The study focuses on the period from 2010 to 2013, examining corruption in Nigeria and evaluating the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and initiatives implemented during this time. It covers various sectors affected by corruption, including economic, political, and social domains, and analyzes the systemic weaknesses that hindered the success of anti-corruption measures.

1.8 Limitations of the Study

The study may face limitations such as the availability and reliability of data, as well as potential biases in the sources of information. Additionally, the analysis is constrained by the scope of the study period, which may not fully capture the long-term effects of corruption and anti-corruption measures. The study’s findings may also be influenced by the subjective interpretation of data and the inherent challenges in measuring the effectiveness of anti-corruption initiatives.

1.9 Definition of Terms

Corruption: The abuse of power for personal gain, often involving bribery, embezzlement, and other forms of financial misconduct (Transparency International, 2020).

Anti-corruption Measures: Policies and initiatives designed to prevent, detect, and address corruption, including legal reforms, enforcement actions, and institutional reforms (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2021).

Systemic Weaknesses: Structural or procedural flaws within institutions or systems that impede effective governance and the implementation of policies (World Bank, 2022).

Economic Development: The process of improving economic well-being and quality of life through sustained growth, investment, and equitable distribution of resources (International Monetary Fund, 2023).

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