This seminar studied and analyzed Water Pollution, the causes, the effects, the sources, types and control of Water Pollution in the societies water pollution occurred when pollutants were discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds, Water Pollution affected plant, and organisms living in this bodies of water. Water pollution was known to be caused by the following factors, sewage and wastewater, marine dumping industrial waste, radioactive waste, oil pollution, underground storage leakages, atmospheric deposition, global warming and petrophication. The effect of water pollution were very tremendous in our societies, there were numerous pollution of water, which we have contaminated ground water effect, effects of agriculture water pollution, effects of thermal of heavy metal water pollution, all these affected the respiratory mechanism of aquatic organism, which will also affects man that take the organism. These impacts included pollution of the water bodies, it equally affects man directly and indirectly. The most affective way of controlling water pollution was to ensure that chemical wastes should be converted to harmless substance before being dump in the sea and, sewage should be processed, treated and converted to useful fertilizers in plants and also refuse should be processed, treated and converted to useful fertilizers in sewage plant the control of this water pollution has help in our communities and in our lives. 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       INTRODUCTION

Water can be said to be polluted when there is an introduction of a harmful substances in such a way that its natural qualities are so altered as to impure its usefulness or render it offensive to the sense of taste, smell or sight. Water pollution has so many ways of definition. However, the basic elements of most definitions are the concentration of particular pollutant in water for sufficient period of time to cause certain effect. If it related health such as the ones caused by pathogenic bacteria intrusion, the term contamination is appropriate.  A basis for defining water pollution can be said to the presence of impurities in clean water or pure water.

        Most cause of water pollution includes sewage and wastewater, marine dumping, industries waste, radioactive waste, oil pollution, underground storages leakage, atmosphere deposition, global warming eutrophication, fertilizers contain nutrient such as nitrate and phosphate in excess level, which over stimulate the growth of aquatic plants and algae.  These organisms when growth in excess, consequently clogs our water wags, use dissolved oxygen as they decompose and block light to deeper water which proves very harmful to aquatic organism as it affects their respiratory organisms as it affects their respiratory ability. Fish and other invertebrates that reside in water are affected as well.

        Finally, science provides many practical solutions to minimizing the present level as which pollutants are introduced into the societies and for remedying past problems.  All the solution comes with some cost (both monetary and societal).  A great deal can be done to minimize pollution in our everyday lives.  If we take care and act responsibly with household chemical and their disposal and recycle, material whose production creates pollution.

1.1    BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The background study of water changing pollution is continuously moving around the earth and constantly its form 16 evaporates from land, become bodies of water and is used by all forms of life on earth, and water pollution is threatening earth’s inhabitants.  The causes of pollution in water are virtually endless and have many sources.  The most polluting o f them are the city sewage and industrial waste discharged into the rivers. Presently, only about 10% of the waste water generated is treated, the rest is discharged as its is into our water bodies.  Due to this pollutants enter groundwater, rivers and other water bodies.  This polluted water, which ultimately ends up in our households, is highly contaminated and cattis disease causing microbes.  Agriculture run-off, or the water from the fields that drains into rivers, is another major water pollutants as it contain fertilizers and pesticides.  Many people dump garbage onto streams, lakes, rivers and seas, thus, making water bodies the final resting place of canms, bottle, plastics and other household products.  Today cleaning products are synthetic detergents coming from petrochemical industries. Most detergents and washing powders contain phosphates, which are used to soften the water (2005).  These and other chemicals contained in washing products, affect the health of all forms of life in the water and who uses water.  Human infectious diseases are among the most serious affects of water pollution, especially in developing countries, where sanitation may be inadequate or non-existent.  Clearly, problems associated with water pollution have the capabilities to disrupt life on the planet to a great extent.

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The achievement of lessening water pollution is the main issue here, what the local government as well as the local people in doing in protecting and sustaining geothermal fluids like hot springs and volcanic ejecta is critical.  What are the factors that will lead to geothermal pollution of hot springs.  Conserving and protecting hot springs by means to not bathing in it for soap, even bio-soap, introduces harmful contaminates that do not break down into the water system.  Keeping composites at 200 feet away system keeping composites at 200 feet away from all water sources because any pollution that gets in threatens fish, wildlits and human drinking water are some of the ways in maintaining the quality of hot springs.

        What are water distribution in the area that contribute in water pollution and eventual decline of the purity of hot springs would be another issue to deal with.  Tarps left in hot springs produce a foreign fungus which does not break down and it harmful to the surrounding and ultimately makes it may into the local water systems.  All this pollutants of water lead to the scientific study of the effect and a way to minimize or control water pollution.

1.3    AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY        

The aim and objectives of this seminar topic titled “Water Pollution” is to research and find those parameters written below in a flow diagram with respect to our topic.

        The parameters below help us to actualize our aim and objectives in the final year of our National Diploma (ND) seminar report.Thus:

History of Water Pollution

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Pollution

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Water pollution

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Types of Water pollution

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Sources of Water Pollution

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Effect of Water Pollution

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Causes of Water Pollution

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Control of Water pollution

These parameter listed above enables the seminar topic research have enough background.